Globe, 18 December 1899, p. 6
The author has had very considerable practice in sonnet-writing, and is a master of the form. Facility like his is, however, usually fatal to the production of much perfect and lasting work. These 163 sonnets (to which have to be added two sonnets “dedicatory” and “prefatory” to Mr. Ruskin) are pleasant reading, but make no permanent impression on the mind.
Dundee Advertiser, 19 December 1899, p. 8
Canon Rawnsley’s “Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy” contain very much that is verbally musical and that appears picturesque. It is a book full of delicious colours, and sounds unfamiliar to British ears, save to those that have hearkened to the aerial melodies of the Alps and the tinkle of cow bells from distant slopes. Therefore these sonnets are charming, and reading them one becomes wishful that winter were over, and that it were possible to rush off to the Col de Jaman and behold what the author saw—what seemed to be the result of a hailstorm whitening all the slopes, but was actually innumerable narcissi. There, too, at the season it is possible to mistake a belt of gentians for a zone of blue sky. Such wonders of colour and scent have inspired some of these sonnets, while the Italian ones glow with sunlight and sunset, or are dim and mystical with the gloom of churches and old world towns. In the Italian subjects it is easy to see how Canon Rawnsley is touched by the historical glamour and the artistic beauties of the country, and his poetry becomes the medium of what may be called a warm academic appreciation of them. But to Switzerland he comes as the jaded traveller, eager to be refreshed by her choice airs and the subtle ministrations of grass and flower and snow-clad peak. He bids the white-blossoming valleys “close me round,” and asks to share “the solace of your mountain solitudes,” drinking “the wine of welcoming.” The scholar’s touch is on every thing in the book, from the dedicatory sonnet to John Ruskin to the few careful little notes at the close.
Glasgow Herald, 20 December 1899, p. 4
Canon Rawnsley has ere this published many sonnets and his present volume contains 163 new ones. He is amongst the best of our living sonneteers. The sonnet is, perhaps, the most difficult form of poetic composition, and uncommonly few have mastered its secret. Milton, Wordsworth, and Keats are masters in the art. If, as a poet, Mr Rawnsley cannot be compared with these, yet—in sonnet-making he never altogether makes a failure. His present examples may be described as of the combined scenic and historic order like his “Sonnets of the English Lakes” and “Round the Coast.” These latter have been rightly admired, and we should be, indeed, surprised if the sonnets referring especially to Switzerland do not take even a higher place in the estimation of sonnet-lovers. Here is an example that should appeal keenly to the historic memory. It is entitled “From the Rigi-Kulm” at sunrise—
His heart was never for a patriot made
Who—gazing here, when sunrise with a wand
Smiting the silver peaks of Oberland
Flings on Pilatus Rigi’s purple shade—
Could watch unmoved, to think of those whose aid
Bequeathed their country faith in Heaven’s com-
mand,
Dared face to face with fearful odds to stand,
And struck for freedom with undaunted blade!
There shines the vale where Winkelried was born,
There Sempach gleams; here fatefully shot Tell,
Here at Morgarten stood the Swiss at bay,
Here by the church ‘Kappel’ Zwingli fell;
And, as the mists rise up and float away,
The land of heroes brightens to the morn.
Canon Rawnsley dedicated his volume to John Ruskin with a couple of fine sonnets, and in a prefatory note he says that his volume is published “with the hope of inducing a few readers to take their pleasure abroad at the time when the gentian flowers,” adding this hint from Ruskin’s teaching—“That nature has nothing fairer to offer to mind or eye than blossom-tide in Switzerland.” Mr. Rawnsley’s sonnets should have considerable effect in the line of his expressed hope.
Pall Mall Gazette, 18 January 1900, p. 4
A Parodist, a Victim and Two Others.—“The Victim”, of whom we spoke in our title, is Canon Rawnsley. Not that Mr Seaman parodies this impeccable maker of verses. There is nothing to object to in any of the 150 sonnets inspired by one or more Continental tours; all are equally accomplished. But Mr Seaman exactly . . . off our feeling when he makes the Poet Laureate observe:
But Canon Rawnsley, too, shall get
Full credit for his work upon it
(I never knew a subject yet
On which he didn’t do a sonnet).
A man who would do a sonnet on Chillon at this time of day would do one on anything; and sure enough here it is—a perfect example of competent mediocrity. If only there were not so many of them—but there are, and that is an end of it.
Western Daily Press, 8 February 1900, p. 3
Canon Rawnsley, after dedicating this book of sonnets “To John Ruskin on his Eighty-first Birthday,” added in his prefatory note—“I have ventured to dedicate the volume to him who taught me, amongst other things, that Nature has nothing fairer to offer to mind or eye than blossom-tide in Switzerland.” The value which appertains to these poems for their own sake is much further enhanced by two sonnets—dedicatory and prefatory—to John Ruskin, the sonnet prefatory being in honour of the completion by Ruskin, in February of last year, of eighty years of life. The “Sonnet Dedicatory,” which was accompanied by “a wreath of gentianella and other Alpine flowers from St. Beatenberg,” will now be read with an interest mingled with sadness:--
You give me much, I little, but I know
That for poor deed you take the generous will,
And so I send from off this ‘Blessèd Hill’
The sweetest flowers in Switzerland that grow.
Take them, and let them tell you what I owe,—
For you it was who taught mine eyes to thrill
At sight of ‘gentian’ glory, and to fill
My soul with wonders of the Alpine snow.
Still do these lowly stars of azure blue
Unto that star in Heaven, the great Sun, turn,
And in his joy their secret selves unfold;
And still your fond disciples turn to you,
Open their hearts that for your sunshine yearn,
And seek the smile they learned to love of old.
The restful, refreshing verse in which Canon Rawnsley clothes his interpretation of the beauties of Switzerland will find many delighted readers. They breathe the atmosphere in which the poet himself has revelled, at the same time that he has not failed—as in “The Guide’s Farewell” and “To R. L. Nettleship”—to catch, in the midst of so much natural beauty, the tones that sing of human heroism and human sadness. There are to be gathered in this book some of the finest fruits of a holiday spent with eyes and ears and yet more subtle senses awake to the influences of the sweetest charms this earth has to offer for the highest pleasure of the human family; and at the same time the writer has manifestly sought to consult even a fastidious taste in the matter of verbal form and rhythmic requirement. Those who have been privileged to see Switzerland will enjoy these sonnets for the memories they stir, and all who have not yet had the opportunity to travel so far from Albion’s shores will discover pleasant pictures here photographed for them in words, and, it may be, lay plans for visiting themselves the spots where so much beauty is enshrined. A few special incidents are made the subject of brief reference in an appendix illuminating several of the sonnets.
Birmingham Daily Post, 13 February 1900, p. 8
Canon Rawnsley dedicates his new book of verse to “John Ruskin on his eighty-first birthday.” The book ahs therefore the interest of being probably the last literary tribute laid at Ruskin’s feet by a disciple. Canon Rawnsley has habitually acted on Ruskin’s hint that the proper time to enjoy Switzerland is the season of spring flowers. Long practice has given him a complete mastery of the sonnet form—a form which has the advantage of checking exuberance and compelling condensation. He also exhibits a great command of poetical language; and te 163 sonnets here collected express, always gracefully, and often with much felicity, the sentiments of an eager and cultivated mind, capable of appreciating, not only Swiss flowers and Swiss scenery, but the character, history, and traditions of the Swiss people.
Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, 21 March 1900, p. 3
The mantle of Wordsworth, when it fell, fell to the ground, but Canon Rawnsley has been permitted to touch the hem of it. He of all people, claiming Wordsworth for his master, would desire to be compared with him; yet it is certain—and we hope not to scandalise the disciple in avowing it—that these sonnets have something of the grand sonnet-tone of Wordsworth, and show no little of his passion for the beautiful world of mountain and stream and flower,, and his power to express the passion. There is praise in the admission that of these more than one hundred and sixty sonnets not one is dull, not one but shows good workmanship, and, be it known, a workmanship which reveals love for its calling, and a never-failing regard for its own high purpose. If a sonnet here and there be a mere mechanism, it must be admitted that the most of them claim judgment from the standpoint of poetry. In form Canon Rawnsley adheres to the Italian form throughout, and so closely that the purist will find nothing to offend, unless, indeed, he cling to the stricter variety of a two-rhymed sestet in preference to one of three rhymes. The volume takes us through the glorious scenes of Switzerland and Northern Italy, and Canon Rawnsley sees and hears all the teeming beauty they possess—feels them, too, and speaks them forth again in fitting language, which is the poet’s privilege. There are striking lines everywhere, fine in form and high in thought; not the sensuous, rich lines of Rossetti, rich like sunlight at eventide through coloured flame, but simple and restrained, matching their lofty message with simpler measure. The last line of the sonnet calls for special strength, it is as the tower crowning the church, the outward glory to which all else leads up. Canon Rawnsley knows this, and is specially blest in achieving it almost without exception. We choose the sestet of the sonnet, “At the Trub-See,” almost at random, as an example of the many beautiful things in the volume:--
Then o’er that seething cauldron of the cloud
High Titlis shone; the hand that guards the pass
Stood forth like silver, and we clomb up higher:
Thence gazing, the disconsolate morass
Became a sea of glory, and a crowd
Of angels moving on soft waves of fire.
London Evening Standard, 2 June 1900, p. 4
The writing of sonnets seems to come as easily to him [HDR] as it came to the men of Shakespeare’s time, who produced sonnet-cycles, three hundred strong, for the amusement of fashionable literary society. Some people convey their passing impressions in letters to their friends—or, less wisely, to Editors of newspapers—and relieve their feelings by lyrics or articles in the magazines. Mr Rawnsley, in such exigencies, composes, and usually, publishes a sonnet. He comments on news of the day in poems of fourteen lines, with five rhymes; he makes passing notes of his holiday tours in the same form. It is a practice which we can only encourage him to continue, for his sonnets are praiseworthy of their kind. Though he can scarcely be placed among the poets in virtue of any imaginative power or passion, or any magic of expression, he is a cultivated writer, with a delicate ear and a graceful sense of beauty. He has just that feeling for the past, and that sympathy with Nature, with Art, and with tradition, that are best conveyed in the metrical form he has adopted. Here is a good expression of his manner:--
At Como Cathedral
Pliny’s Statue
Here sits in marble, with his scroll in hand,
The student-lover of the Larian lake,
Whom Trajan trusted for his wisdom’s sake;
Who, going governor to the Asian land,
Waited his Lord’s imperial command,
What steps to stay that heresy he should take,
Which, in the name of Christ, had dared forsake
The temple courts, and all Jove’s altars banned.
He saw Vesuvius’ ashes blur the sky
And bury Herculaneum; dreamed not Rome
Would sink in fiercer fires; nor ever knew
That ‘harmless superstition, doomed to die
A natural death,’ would to his honouring come,
With sweet forgiveness for the hand that slew.
The closing lines, it will be seen, are a little weak; and this is often the case with Mr. Rawnsley. It is in the way they end their sonnets that the great poets show themselves.
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Sheffield Independent, 16 December, 1896, p. 2
Canon Rawnsley, whose facility in rhyming melodiously, aptly, and at times powerfully, on any theme that appeals to his faith or sentiment, must surely be known to nearly all newspaper readers, has here brought together a large number of poems which he has been moved to write when he has read records of brave deeds in the current issues of the newspapers. The book, in short, is a record in verse of all these modern instances of heroism of which we feel proud from time to time, but which we quickly forget. The scenes of the stirring incidents which Canon Rawnsley so felicitously recalls are dispersed over the whole world – wide as the spread of the race. We are taken from the Crimea to Zululand, from Chitral to the Samoan Islands. It is not only in war and on the sea that brave deeds worthy of the poet’s commendation are found, but on the railway, in mines, at fires, and wherever death threatens and stout-hearted men do not fear it, but risk their lives for honour that is better than life. Very stirring are Canon Rawnsley’s verses, for his heart is a-glow whenever he hears of heroism. We hope the book will remind other writers who can “build the lofty volume,” that there are neglected themes awaiting them far more suitable than the airy nothings on which they so often squander their ingenuity with unmoved hearts.
Carlisle Patriot, 22 January, 1897, p. 6
In some respects we live in a prosaic age, and we live (most of us) prosaic lives. But occasionally our attention is arrested, it may be by a thrilling narrative, more often by a newspaper paragraph, which tells of some act of more than usual daring, told often in very simple language and as little more than an ordinary occurrence, yet possessing in itself so much of the heroic, and so imbued with the spirit of self-sacrifice and devotion to duty, that for a moment at least we are fired with a generous flush, and we are proud to think that we also are of the same kindred or same race. If the act is accomplished “at the battle’s front” mid “the pride, pomp, and circumstances of glorious war,” its is duly recorded and rewarded with the Victoria Cross, but too often when the deed is done under less brilliant conditions and surroundings, its record is scanty, its recognition brief and sadly inadequate; too often it passes unknown except to a very limited circle, and in a short time it fades into the limbo of the past.
In this little volume, Canon Rawnsley has been prompted to use his facile and graceful poetic pen to give some of the brave deeds done in humble life, as well as some of those which have already attracted a large share of public attention, a wider sphere of influence and a more enduring honour. The author has selected no less than thirty-five incidents as subjects for his muse. They cover a wide field, showing active sympathy and recognition of heroism in all classes, from the battlefields of the Crimea, Chitral, and Ulundi to the brave rescuer of the entombed miners, the gallant railway platelayers who saved the train at the cost of their own lives, gallant heroes of our glorious Navy, others whose record may be found in annals of the devoted fire brigade or the industrial ranks of the crowded and often unlovely streets and lanes of our large towns. The chronicles are infectious in their glow of enthusiasm, and, if widely read, ought to do something as a training in heroism. The author might have taken for his motto Longfellow’s lines—
Where’er a noble deed is wrought,
Where’er is spoken a noble thought,
Our hearts in glad surprise
To higher levels rise.
The greatest of our artistic idealists, Mr. Watts, furnishes a beautiful frontispiece.
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Glasgow Evening Post, 27 April 1893, p. 7
Consists of some remarkably well-turned verses, with more than a trace pf poetry in their composition.
Ardrossan and Saltcoats Herald, 19 May 1893, p. 2
The author of this admirable volume, the Vicar of Crosthwaite, Keswick, was an intimate friend of the late Laureate, being amongst those who had the signal honour of pall-bearer when the dead poet was borne through Westminster. Indeed, it was the father of Mr. Rawnsley who performed the ceremony of Tennyson’s marriage; but while this fact alone is sufficient to account for the friendship between the author of “Valete” and the great Laureate, it is interesting to know also that Tennyson had a sincere admiration for the Keswick muse. Nor is that opinion due to mere bias of friendship, for Mr. Rawnsley’s poetic gift has obtained considerable recognition in many quarters, and that very justly. His work is always full of fine feeling, chastened thought, and graceful expression. Hitherto in his “Sonnets at the English Lakes,” and “Sonnets Round the Coast,” Mr Rawnsley has been a worthy representative of the Lake school of Nature-poets. In his Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics he was more general in his themes, and his ballad, “The Village Carpenter,” is marked by moving dramatic pathos. The present volume is entirely memorial of persons, the memory of whom the world will not willingly let die. Of the great title name, Mr Rawnsley has indubitably written well and beautifully in a poem of some thirty-four stanzas, which breathe a fervent admiration for the Laureate’s character, and a sympathetic knowledge of the main burden of his verse.
The moonlight lay with glory on his face
About whose bed in grief the nation bowed,
And darkly flew the wild October cloud:
Sobbed the pale morn, and came with faltering pace
As if it feared to lift a dead man’s shroud;
And all the streams made lamentation loud.
But such majestic calm was in his look
As seemed to say, ‘Why weeping o’er me bend,
Or bid me longer here on earth attend
Whose home is Heaven?’ His hand held Shake-
speare’s book—
Shakespeare, so soon to greet him as a friend!
And so he went companioned, to the end.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
He was true patriot, and his soul was set
To give our England flowers of song for weeds.
He planted well, he scattered fruitful seeds;
He showed us love was more than coronet,
And in the jarring of a hundred creeds
Taught life and truth were hid in noble deeds.
Yet most that purest passion for a maid
And manly love with maiden virtue crowned,
Availed to keep our social fabric sound;
And loving Arthur well, he well pourtrayed
That kingliest Arthur of the Table Round,
Who entered Heaven to heal him of Earth’s wound.
And he has entered Heaven by earth unharmed;
Years could not blanch a single lock with grey,
Time could not steal a single bolt away,
Nor blunt the sword wherewith his soul was armed:
But from this shore, whereon he might not stay,
His music nevermore shall die away.
Here are some glimpses through a window into the poet’s home:--
And when the birds have sought their ilex home,
And the magnolia pours its fragrance rare,
We shall not mount again his turret stair
And hear the strong deep-chested music come,
While light in hand within his simple chair
He summoned sound to people all the air,
And set the rafters ringing to the wail
Of a great nation for its warrior dead,
The boom of cannon and the mourner’s tread;
Or bade the bugle’s elfin echoes fail,
The long low lights on castle walls be shed—
Then shut the book in dream, and bowed his head.
Nor ever after meat when lamps are lit,
About the shining table drawing nigher,
Feel the fine soul that flashed forth at desire;
Sharp sallies, rapier-thrusts of genial wit
That called for friend, and bade the foe retire,
And filled the hall with laughter, and with fire.
Mr Rawnsley supplies some more interesting reminiscences in the notes at the end of the volume. One could wish that he might give us a series of these in a separate sketch, though one cannot but admire the loyalty which in his reserve he shows to the relict family of the Laureate, by whom a life of Lord Tennyson is now in preparation.
Passing to the other memorial verses, one is impressed by the catholicity of Mr Rawnsley’s bead-roll of royal dead, heroes, leaders, shepherds, singers, and thinkers among men. Names so diverse as Newman and Spurgeon, Kingsley and Bonar, M. Arnold and Whitman, Liddon and Renan, Mozart and Jenny Lind, appear.
Mr Rawnsley’s interest extends to music as a sister art, and his treatment of Mozart is a good example of his sonnet form—a measure which prevails throughout the volume:--
God called whom for too short a time he gave,
Dust back to dust, snapped string and broke
the shell,
And as they bore him towards the tolling bell
Of old St. Marx, no hands were there to wave
Adieu, no mourners but the winds that rave,
The tears shed for him were the rains that fell,
But all the hearts that ever felt his spell
Stand bowed to-day beside that pauper grave.
Mozart, thy soul, familiar grown with Death
Long since, laid willing touch upon the door
That opened to the land where sorrows cease,
And leaving here on earth th’ unfinished score
Went onward, singing, with an angel’s breath,
The requiem music of eternal peace.
Mr Rawnsley’s devotion to the shrine of Tennyson does not prevent him from a loyal admiration for the poet’s contemporary, who, according to a not infrequent estimate, was even a greater poet:--
Browning is dead at Venice! dark and slow
The gondoliers move silently along,
Wan Adria’s sea sobs sorrowful among
Drear halls, and pale for grief sits Asolo.
Browning is dead! the voice tolls to and fro
And hushes all his latest tender song,
As in an organ when the deep notes throng
To drown the quavering treble’s passionate flow.
Browning is dead! with Florence on his heart
Writ large; but larger, England underneath—
The England of his helping; for he knew
The mind where Freedom is, and, to the death,
For souls in pain who dare the Angel part,
Onset and victory his brave trumpet blew.
The letter from Browning to Tennyson printed in the notes is worth quoting:--
29 De Vere Gardens, W., August 5, 1889
My dear Tennyson,--To-morrow is your birthday—indeed, a memorable one. Let me say I associate myself with the universal pride of our country in your glory, and in its hope that for many and many a year we may have your very self among us—secure that your poetry will be a wonder and delight to all those appointed to come after. An for my own part, let me further say, I have loved you dearly. May God bless you and yours.
At no moment from first to last of my acquaintance with your works, or friendship with yourself, have I had an other feeling, expressed or kept silent, than this which an opportunity allows me to utter—that I am, and ever shall be, my dear Tennyson, admiringly and affectionately yours,
Robert Browning
Several of the last sonnets are upon “Friends and Neighbours,” and we have heard, in the course of casual conversations with Keswickians, that the feeling tributes paid by the Vicar’s muse on the death of residenters are warmly appreciated. A concluding hymn gives us a hint of Mr Rawnsley’s capacities for the rare art of hymn-writing. Here is a specimen:--
Let the funeral bell be tolled
Not too sadly: she is bride—
Bride of Death—but we, who hold
Our dark vigil here, outside,
Know the Master of the Feast
Has received her for His guest.
Though beside the Bratha’s stream
In the stream of death we stand,
These dark waters inly seem
To divide us from the land
Where we all would gathered be,
Happy angel-soul, with thee.
Given noble themes and fitting measures, and you have good poetry. In these days when so much in poetic art runs, as Mr. John Morley says, to mere drapery, it is a satisfaction to find things written about that are worth the vehicle. Mr. Rawnsley’s themes are worthy, and his command of forms is melodious and versatile. Of course this is no magnum opus, and seeing that the author so little lacks in the accomplishment of verse, we are led to wish that he would project some more sustained work. Mr. Ruskin thinks the world has, on the whole, rather too much good poetry. This applies to poetry which is merely good. Of poetry of the very highest we can never have too much. We should be grateful to the author of “Valete”—we shall be more son when he renders less true his own stanza:--
But we are left disconsolate; no lyres
To sound a people’s glory, soothe its pain,
No trumpet-call to chivalry again,
No words of subtlest feeling, finest fire
To keep us still a nation, and no strain
To bring new knowledge to a wiser reign.
St. James’s Gazette, 5 June 1893, p. 5
A volume of exceedingly dignified and beautiful verse is published by Mr. H. D. Rawnsley under the title of “Valete”. It consists of entirely Memorial Poems: the subject is a funereal one, but Mr. Rawnsley’s volume, when one accepts the subject, is not unworthy of it. First comes an elaborate threnody on the death of Tennyson, to which are attached various Sonnets dealing with incidents and aspects of the poet’s life. The rest of the volume divides itself into Sonnets on Royalties, “Heroes among Men,” “Leaders of Men,” “Shepherds of Men,” “Singers,” “Thinkers,” “Friends and Neighbours.” It will be allowed that this collection of more than a hundred sonnets on one sad theme shows considerable facility in that form of verse. Yet the writer has sufficient art to make even a long reading of these poems possible without long weariness. One feels, however, that this is Mr. Rawnsley’s finished verse; it is excellent in its way, but he is hardly likely to do anything better.
Pall Mall Gazette, 19 June 1893, p. 4
Snatches of Son.—If ever metrical biographies of celebrities come into fashion Mr Rawnsley will rise to fame as a quick and competent compiler of rhymed obituary notices. He has been practicing the art for nearly twenty years, and with sufficient success to win a place in several magazines and journals of repute. It would seem to be as natural to him to sit down and pen a funeral ode or sonnet as it is for the “One Who Knew Him” to throw off at a few hours’ notice the requisite column of reminiscence of the recently dead. Not too much is to be expected of poetry produced under such conditions. It is to the classic dirges of the language as the undertaker’s wreath of immortelles is to the garland of fresh flowers laid lovingly in the tomb by some dear friend or kinsman. A mourner whose sympathies extend from the Poet Laureate down to a chairman of the Liverpool Stock Exchange discounts beforehand his reputation for deep feeling. There are more than one hundred farewell poems collected in the volume, which Mr Rawnsley has styled “Valete”: and nearly all of them smack of the cemetery. He shows himself a conscientious observer of the technical forms of his art, and a fluent producer of lines which were best in place in a gravedigger’s Gradus ad Parnassum. But he is uniformly depressing. Epitaphs are tolerable at intervals, but a volume of them is to the taste of but few among the living. Atque in perpetuum frater ave atque vale is the kindest criticism possible of the author of “Valete”.
St. James’s Gazette, 19 September 1893, p. 5
[Valete].—The Rev. H. D. Rawnsley’s Muse is a pensive creature occupied mainly with the contemplation of death and the reflections appropriate thereto. “Valete” is a sort of neatly-kept and lovingly-tended cemetery, in which each tombstone has a poetic epitaph in sonnet form. Most of the silent tenants of this God’s acre bear distinguished names . . . but sometimes we find an obscurer grave, over which the poet has written by no means his least touching words. The lines on “Alice” seem to us as graceful and sincere as anything in the book:--
Her life was as a missal, year by year
Writ in red letters of self-sacrifice,
Illumined quaintly for the children’s eyes,
Plain to be read, and musical to hear.
A tale of life so generous, so sincere,
That angels stooped to listen with surprise,
And, for such books are scarce in Paradise,
Bade Death go close it—so they brought it there.
Between the golden chapters week by week,
And ’twixt the lines in ink invisible,
She, skilled in all the arts, but most in this,
Had penned a language only angels speak,
And when their fuller sunlight on it fell,
These words leapt forth in answer—“I am His.”
The “conceit” of the red missal, the invisible ink, and the “fuller sunlight” seems to us very pretty and quaint, and not too ingeniously laboured. But we doubt whether Mr Rawnsley was well advised to collect all his memorial verses in one volume. The effect of reading them is to make one feel at times that they are the work of a professional writer of obituary notices. Yet there is always a certain quiet dignity and refinement about his verse—and these qualities are sufficiently rare nowadays.
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Scotsman, 9 April 1894, p. 3
It is not strange, now that a scientific Egyptology has reconstructed the history of the Pharaohs, and that tourists may easily take a holiday in Egypt, to find a sort of poetical companion for the visitor to the land of the Pyramids. Mr H. D. Rawnsley’s book fairly merits this description. “The traveller,” as Mr Rawnsley explains in a prefatory note, “is supposed to see Cairo and the neighbourhood, and then pass up the Nile to the first cataract and Philae.” The sights which he will see are such as to make him wish to be endowed with the gift of poetry that he may give voice to his emotions. This, however, is satisfactorily done for him by Mr Rawnsley. His lyrics speak out the feelings of a stranger who hears the muezzin from the house-top call, who sees the dancing dervishes spin in a holy rapture, who hears the hawkers crying in the streets of Cairo, who looks upon the monuments that form the mouldering skeleton of an empire long dead, or who turns over in his mind the memories of great Egyptians like Totmes III and Queen Hatasu, or stands at sunrise beside the Statute of Memnon. Mr Rawnsley’s poems are always sweet and fluent; and though none of them has the tremendous effect of that poem of Shelley’s on Ozymandias of Egypt which many of them suggest, the grace and sentiment of them will not only please those whose experience enables them to appreciate the local allusions, but will charm perhaps more intimately still the larger number who can visit Egypt only in imagination. The book, for a volume of poetry, is exceptionally erudite, a matter not of the first importance, but not without its value in a work with such a subject as this.
Dublin Daily Express, 13 April 1894, p. 2
Mr Rawnsley has rapidly developed into a voluminous writer. Some few years ago his sole volume of verse consisted of a collection of sonnets on the English Lakes, a book dedicated to the memory of Charles Tennyson Turner, a true poet and a distinguished critic, for he saw in Mr Rawnsley’s verse qualities which made him urge the publication of the poems which he never lived to read when issued in collected form. Since that little volume saw the light, its author has written some very spirited ballads, of which the subject is chiefly connected with the sea or coastline. These were printed from time to time in “Macmillan’s Magazine” and now form a volume in themselves. Besides these, Mr Rawnsley has written “Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics,” “Valete: Tennyson and other Memorial Poems,” and prose notes on Edward Thring and on the Nile, and he has contributed a chapter to “Wordsworthiana,” and his “Literary Associations of the Lake District” is shortly to appear. This is quite a formidable list, even exclusive of the book before us. The Nile has long ere this been celebrated in song—Leigh Hunt’s and Shelley’s sonnets produced in friendly rivalry are not very happy specimens of the manner in which such a subject might be treated, and they are, perhaps, the most important instances in which the ancient river is named in English poetry. Mr Rawnsley has dwelt with evident pleasure on every aspect of the subject, and the result is very gratifying. The theme is handled with genuine poetic feeling, and though the poems are arranged with a view to locality rather than to subject they form no mere Baedeker in verse, but a book which contains some delightful renderings of the mystery and melancholy interest which is attached to everything Egyptian. When one reads Mr. Rawnsley’s poem on the “First Call to Prayer” one hears with the poet the evening hymns—
Now high, now low, the cadence falls,
Music of streams and summer-rhymes
Of bees that murmur in the limes,
And far-off Alpine cattle-calls,
Seem blent with bells and silver chimes,
In mellow mystery of sound
That floats where mountains stand around,
From cities glad at festal times.
All that attracts the attention, gladdens the heart, or touches the imagination of travellers to Egypt has been touched on by the poet: he misses nothing. The legends and myths of this land of mystery are finely dealt with, and his workmanship is at all times worthy of his subject. The landscape is painted with a sure and truthful hand; it is always glowing with the burning brightness of the sun at noon. The contents of the book may be gathered from such titles as “Street Cries,” “The Obelisk at Heliopolis,” “Morning Mist on the Great Pyramid,” “The Mummy of Sesostris.” As a specimen of the verse we cannot do better than to give the opening sonnet entitled “A Return to Egypt.”
There is a land where Time no count can keep,
Where works of men imperishable seem,
Where through Death’s barren solitude doth gleam
Undying hope for them that sow and reap;
Yea, land of life, where death is but a deep
Warm slumber, a communicable dream,
Where from the silent grave far voices stream
If those that tell their secrets in their sleep.
Land of the palm-tree and the pyramid,
Land of sweet waters from a mystic urn,
Land of sure rest, where suns shine on for ever,
I left thee—in thy sands a heart was hid;
My life, my love, were cast upon thy river,
And, lo! to seek Osiris I return.
Sketch, 6 June 1894, p. 43
Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile is a kind of poetic itinerary, which does not prevent it from being also a book of poetry. All, save travellers, will ignore the fact that the poems are arranged rather with regard to locality than to subject, and dip and dig at random. The really good verse, though it is picturesque, has to be dug for; but it is worth a reader’s pains, for there are passages full of fine colour and melancholy fascination. In the three water-carrier poems, “Hope,” “Joy,” and “Sorrow,” will be found exquisite pictures of Egyptian domestic life, especially in the first—
Shway-shwáyah, with her lips all blue,
And chin dark-beaded with tattoo,
Takes the large water-jar in hand
And joins the river-going band.
She has reached the maturity of her fourteenth year—
And if full charged her head can bear
From the far Nile the large ‘bellas,’
She unto marriage she may pass.
In the “Joy” poem the ambition is accomplished. “Sweet Habeebeh”
l aughs, she is a bride, those finger-tips
So red with henna tell she has a home,
And lord.
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Scotsman, 9 December 1890, p. 6
HDR’s volume will be read with interest by lovers of poetry in general, and with a particular delight by those who know the scenes and characters that are to be met with in the rural parts of Lincolnshire. Most of the pieces in the book draw their subject from the fen country. Those which do not are ballads or odes founded upon heroic actions done in quite recent times. These are celebrated in a stately line, which, however, is usually too coldly dignified to have much life. On the other hand, the pieces in the Lincolnshire dialect are lively both in theme and treatment. They naturally suggest a comparison with the Laureate’s poems in the same dialect. Some notion of their quality may be conveyed when it is said that they bear the comparison without disparagement to themselves.
Stamford Mercury, 2 January 1891, p. 7
This is a collection of poems by the Vicar of Crosthwaite, Keswick, Cumberland, some of which have already appeared in contemporary periodicals. The ballads for the most part record heroic deeds done in Great Britain and America during the past few years. The bucolics are sketches from real life in Lincolnshire in the language made familiar by the Poet Laureate. There are alterations, however, in the diction which Mr Rawnsley explains are due to the change which has taken place in the dialect during the last fifty years. The dialect and folk-lore, he further reminds his readers, is that of the old Danish colony, whose children live between Horncastle, Louth, and Boston. Many of the poems are of considerable merit, and that portion in the Lincolnshire dialect will be read with interest in these parts of the country where it prevails.
Pall Mall Gazette, 27 August 1891, p. 3
The Vicar of Crosthwaite has long been as well known for his industry in verse as for the village industries and other good works inspired by him in his own parish. He has written sonnets on the English lakes and on other picturesque subjects, and on almost every imaginable public event of any note during recent years, and he proves himself equally contemporary in these ballads and bucolics. Since “Poet” Close died, he might be called the last of the Lake poets, if the last but one has not for ever spoilt that title; and the present book shows that he accepts in full those theories of the poetic uses of common life and common speech which Wordsworth and the so-called Lake poets maintained so vigorously. His prose preface states very invitingly his subject-matter: “The ballads, for the most part, record heroic deeds done in Great Britain and America during the past few years. The bucolics are sketches from real life In Lincolnshire.” Further, he explains of these rustic pieces that their dialect, “made familiar by the Poet Laureate, is that of the old Danish colony whose children live between Horncastle, Louth, and Boston.” His preface in verse sounds still more inviting:--
Here are ballads! who will buy?
Not on dainty shelves to lie,
But for pockets plain enough,
Honest homespun in the rough;
Fit for lord of labourer’s hand,
Up in rocky Cumberland,
Fit for villager and squire,
Down in breezy Lincolnshire;
Unfortunately, the bucolics are written in the most uncompromising of Doric dialects, and not according to its idiom and spirit only, which might be tolerable, but to its very letter, which only a genius like Tennyson’s can make poetically effective. The reader, remembering his Burns and his Barnes, who turns eagerly enough to what is promised him here, is likely to feel a little dismayed accordingly when, in the first verse of the first bucolic—“Grand-dad’s Annie,”—he encounters a line like the following”—
So gev’ hoäver to meä, and grawing ay sich pääce!
It is true that read in the rough, so to speak, these Lincolnshire pieces may be understood with a little conning, and found to be often worth the understanding; but the interest they have is philological first, and matter-of-fact second, and only poetical, third and last, if at all. It should be added, however, that they often possess humour, which is a rare thing, as we know, in even great poets; while sometimes, in seeking an effect of humour or pathos, they become merely banale, as in “A Sad Letter”:--
He will not keeäp, his corp’s that bad,
We bury ’im at threea to-morrow
In other pieces there are touches of native humour which redeem what is prosaic in them. In the “Fox and Hound”, which is a temperance philippic, taking for subject a village inn, one finds and remembers, amid much that is not inspired, one or two admirable touches. For example:--
Theer’s a shackulty noise in carts when carts is droonk—
Tha can tell.
In the main, though, these bucolics impress the reader as not poetical, but prosaic. Told in prose they might be made into most striking folk-sketches, in rhyme they only fail of their effect.
Turning to the heroic ballad of the book, one is not more convinced. Mr. Rawnsley has a stirring perception of the great heroic situations in contemporary life, and he turns them into ballads with a rare facility, but not, alas! with sufficient force or finesse of style. As it is, indeed, he affords the reader, very unwisely, the means of testing his success by appending to many of these ballads the prose reports upon which they are based. It says a great deal for contemporary journalism that these reports, taken in some cases from the newspapers, are often really poetical, much more so than the ballads which here embody them. In “A Woman Saviour” Mr. Rawnsley takes a report from the New York Tribune of a woman who saved a train, the White Mountain Express, at North Wakefield, in August 1890, a report concise, dramatic, poetic indeed; and it is instructive to find how its brief picturesque touches fail in their versified and expanded form, though that has a certain stirring effect of its own. Similarly Mr. Rawnsley writes of the Johnstown disaster, of Father Damien, od Sister Rose Gertrude, and other subjects of the kind: and always with fine feeling and rhetorical effect, but never quite convincingly, with the finer breath that can make such things live in our ears and our hearts. Like Mr Alfred Austin, Mr Lewis Morris, and other contemporary verse-writers of some reputation, who would keep up the great traditions of English poetry, he has all the inclination and industry need for the task, but he has not the genius, alack! If he had, Mr Rawnsley might be also that Poet Laureate of the newspaper which he aims to be, but which is a kind of thing, unfortunately, born and not made.
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