Ruskin and the English Lakes (Glasgow, 1901)

To say that Hardwicke idolised John Ruskin would be an under-statement.  From the time of their first meeting when Hardwicke was an undergraduate at Balliol College, Oxford, he rarely stopped writing or lecturing about the man.  As late as 1919, and just over a year before his own death, Hardwicke was reminding the nation of the centenary of Ruskin’s birth.  When Hardwicke moved to Wray in 1878 he resided in close proximity to Ruskin who lived only a few miles away at Brantwood by Lake Coniston, and took the opportunity to visit on a regular basis.  The book, Ruskin and the English Lakes, is Hardwicke’s homage to the man he always referred to as ‘The Master’. 

For Hardwicke, Ruskin was the modern-day John the Baptist, heralding a new world.  In an article published shortly after Ruskin’s death he recalls walking to Brantwood to attend the latter’s funeral.  He writes:

There were many beautiful wreaths with tender inscriptions, but my eye fell on one which seemed to have character and originality about it: “There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.”  It was a gift from the village tailor, and was meant in all deep earnestness to express the thought uppermost in the heart of a true disciple.  It may have seemed at first sight to lack a little of the sense of humor, but, in all seriousness, the tailor was right; if ever man had been a voice crying in the wilderness, “Prepare ye the way of the Lord,” that man had been John Ruskin. (‘John Ruskin’, Outlook, 64 (3 March 1900), 511-17, p. 517)

In one of the ‘Memorial Poems’ written by Hardwicke following Ruskin’s death, he said of the prophet:

He gave us eyes, for we were blind:
He bade us know and hear;
By him the wonder of the mind
Of God on earth was clear.

We knew the travail of his soul,
We thank Thee for his rest:
Lord, lead us upward to his goal—
The pure, the true, the best!

 

Without doubt, Ruskin was the inspiration for Hardwicke and Edith to set up the Keswick School of Industrial Arts, their endeavour to revive rural craft industries.  Ruskin and the English Lakes is dedicated to Marian Twelves, ‘a devoted fried and disciple of John Ruskin, who has earnestly tried to carry into daily practice the spirit and principles of his teaching’.     

A list of some of the publications by Hardwicke on Ruskin is shown below after the listing of the chapters included in the book Ruskin and the English Lakes. 

 

Contents

Ruskin and the English Lakes (pp. 1-26)

Ruskin and the English Lakes (Continued) (pp. 27-59)

Reminiscences of Ruskin Among the Peasantry of Coniston (pp. 60-78)

At the Ruskin Exhibition, Coniston (pp. 79-114)

Ruskin and the Home Art Industries in the Lake District (pp. 115-148)

Ruskin and Wordsworth (pp. 149-162)

Ruskin and Wordsworth (Continued) (pp. 163-188)

*At Ruskin’s Funeral (pp. 189-206)

*The Unveiling of the Ruskin Memorial (pp. 207-218)

The Memorial Cross at Coniston (pp. 219-230)

*Memorial Poems (pp. 231-238)

(* Published previously)

 

Articles and Poems on Ruskin by Rawnsley (excludes the above chapters)

Literary Associations of the English Lakes, Vol. I – Chapter 6.
Literary Associations of the English Lakes, Vol. II – Chapter 6.

‘To John Ruskin on His 79th Birthday’, Nottinghamshire Guardian, 12 February 1898, p. 4. [Poem]
‘Born in Our Monster Babylon’, Dial, 24 (1 March 1898), 156. [Poem] [Same as the above]

‘To John Ruskin: On His 80th Birthday, 8th February, 1899’, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, (March 1899). [Poem]

Sonnet Dedicatory to John Ruskin (Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, p. vi)
Sonnet Prefatory to John Ruskin: February 8th, 1899 (Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, p. x) [Same as the poem published in Crosthwaite Parish Magazine?]

‘Hymn in Loving Memory of John Ruskin. Coniston, January 25th, 1900’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian’, 27 January 1900, p. 5. [Hymn]

‘John Ruskin’, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, (February 1900). [Poem]

‘At Ruskin’s Grave’, Wells Journal, 1 February 1900, p. 2. [Poem]

‘At Ruskin’s Grave: On His Birthday, February 8’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian’, 10 February 1900, p. 4. [Poem]

‘John Ruskin’, Outlook, 64 (3 March 1900), 511-17. Also published in Ruskin and the English Lakes (Glasgow, 1901), pp. 189-206)

‘The Master at Rest’, Saint George. The Journal of the Ruskin Society of Birmingham, III (April 1900), 74. [Poem]

*Ruskin at Rest (A Sonnet Chronicle, p. 3)

‘At Ruskin’s Grave. On his birthday, February 8th, 1900’, Saint George. The Journal of the Ruskin Society of Birmingham, III (April 1900), 75. [Poem]

‘At Ruskin’s Funeral’, Saint George. The Journal of the Ruskin Society of Birmingham, III (April 1900), 76-9. [Poem]

‘Proposed Ruskin Memorial at Keswick’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 14 April 1900, p. 4. [Letter]

‘The Unveiling of the Ruskin Memorial at Friar’s Crag, Keswick, October 6th, 1900’, Northern Counties Magazine, 1 (December 1900), 148-53. [Re-published in Ruskin and the English Lakes (Glasgow, 1901), pp. 207-218.]

John Ruskin’s Message to His Time: Sermon at St. Kentigern’s Church, Crosthwaite, January 18th 1900 (Keswick, 1900).

‘A Memorial Address: Delivered on September 7, 1902, at the Ruskin Monument on Friar’s Crag, to a meeting of the Companions of the Guild of St. George’, Saint George. The Journal of the Ruskin Society of Birmingham, V (October 1902), 247-50.

St. George’s Day, 1904 (A Sonnet Chronicle, p. 54)

John Ruskin: At Rest, Brantwood, Sunday, 21st January, 1900 (Poems at Home and Abroad, p. 81)

At Ruskin’s Grave: On His Birthday, 8th February, 1900 (Poems at Home and Abroad, p. 82)

‘The Ruskin Centenary’, Times, 8 February 1919, p. 3; Literary Digest, 60 (15 March 1919), 38.

 

Round the Lake Country (Glasgow, 1909)

Dedicated ‘To the Memory of the Late Rev. W. S. Calverley, a Pioneer in the Preservation and Understanding of many of the Norse Sculptured Stones in Cumberland’.  William Slater Calverley (1847-1898) served in a number of Lake District parishes before becoming vicar of St. Kentigern’s Church, Aspatria, in 1885.  He was an amateur antiquarian of some distinction.

In its review of the book, the local newspaper, the Penrith Observer, noted:

In prose and verse, the contributions of Canon Rawnsley to the literature of the Lakeland counties would suffice to make a very respectable library.  His volumes are numerous, but probably the fugitive pieces if brought together would make a still larger bulk.  What is more to the purpose, the Vicar of Crosthwaite never lacks interest in what he writes.  His sonnets, which seem to have been less frequent than was the case a few years ago, have not invariably reached a high level of merit, giving the impression of having been “knocked off” by way of pastime rather than as serious literary efforts.  But when content to leave the muse and adopt the more attractive prose, Canon Rawnsley has no superior as a writer on topics pertaining to the land of fells and lakes.  One reason for this stands out transparently in every one of his volumes: he is steeped in the literature of Cumberland and Westmeria.  No writer has ever produced anything worth reading which the Canon cannot recall and utilise with good effect.  Every parish, and almost every mile of many parishes, is occupied for him by the spirits of dead and gone notabilities; every mountain, fell, tarn, lake, and moor has its story, ancient or modern, many of them, indeed, told in recent years by the pen of the Vicar of Crosthwaite.  He does not pose as an archaeologist, nor as a deep antiquary, but in other phases of local life Canon Rawnsley can rightly claim an unequalled position.  For these among other reasons, lovers of local literature will welcome another volume from him.

 

Contents

Round the Coast of the Lake Country (pp. 1-24)

The Lily-Woods of Arnside (pp. 25-37)

In a Cumbrian Gullery (pp. 38-46)

The Gosforth Cross (pp. 47-67)

At St. Bees (pp. 68-79)

St. Cuthbert’s Last Journey in Cumberland (pp. 80-90)

Gowbarrow Fell and Aira Force (pp. 91-106)

At the World’s End (pp. 107-125)

At the Countess’ Pillar (pp. 126-157)

Ald Hoggart O’ Troutbeck (pp. 158-191)

Brough Hill Fair (pp. 192-209)

The Bewcastle Cross (pp. 210-227)

 

Poems at Home and Abroad (Glasgow, 1909)

One reviewer wrote of this collection of poems:

Canon Rawnsley has the faculty of placing vivid impressions in vivid verse.  He is a true and worthy disciple of Wordsworth.  In our own and other columns he has dealt with events of the moment in verse which always displays a wonderful faculty for grasping the inner meaning of these events.  This, too, is Wordsworthian in influence.  Poems at Home and Abroad show Canon Rawnsley in every phase of his art.

 

Contents

Poems of Italy and Abroad

May-time on Monte Subasio (p. 1)

On the Way to Rivo Torto (p. 7)

St. Francis (p. 10)

Sabbath Dawn at Castel di Poggio (p. 11)

Sunrise at Castel di Poggio (p. 13)

The Vindemia at Degli’ Angeli (p. 14)

On Leaving Florence by Starlight (p. 15)

From Orta to Varallo (p. 16)

At the Chapel of the Madonna del Belmone above Taponacchio, Fobello (p. 20)

Ponte Gula (p. 21)

Bilâl the Muedzzin (p. 23)

Poems of the Months

The Seasons: A Song from the Grasmere Play (p. 33)

A February Song (p. 36)

A Spring Song at the Lakes (p. 38)

March—Summer (p. 39)

April Showers (p. 42)

A Rainless April (p. 43)

The First Swallow (p. 44)

Foxgloves at Brandelhow (p. 45)

June Twilight at Eversley (p. 46)

July at the Lakes (p. 48)

Heather on Lonscale (p. 51)

September at the Lakes (p. 53)

The Tropaeolum Speciosum (p. 54)

Skating on Derwentwater (p. 55)

Christmas (p. 56)

The Keswick Old Folks’ Dinner (p. 57)

A Crosthwaite Belfry Song (p. 58)

Poems of the Birds

The Chaffinch’s Nest (p. 61)

’Twixt Sunrise and the Moon (p. 63)

A Thrush in Spring (p. 64)

The Blackbird Dead (p. 65)

Sadness in Song (p. 66)

The Chorus of the Dawn (p. 67)

The Waking of the Birds (p. 69)

The Chiff-Chaff (p. 70)

The Birthday of the Singers (p. 72)

‘Ubi Aves ibi Angeli’ (p. 73)

Fieldfares (p. 74)

Memorial Sonnets

The Village Naturalist: In Memory of William Greenip, 2nd November, 1890 (p. 79)

A Lake Country Guide: H. I. J., 1891 (p. 80)

John Ruskin: At Rest, Brantwood, Sunday, 21st January, 1900 (p. 81)

At Ruskin’s Grave: On His Birthday, 8th February, 1900 (p. 82)

In Memoriam: J. R. A., 20th March, 1907 (p. 83)

Senator Hoar (p. 84)

John Milton (p. 85)

The Gift of the Leigh Woods to Bristol: In Honour of G. W., 30th March (p. 86)

Algernon Charles Swinburne: 10th April, 1909 (p. 87)

Miscellaneous Poems

We meet at Morn, my Dog and I (p. 91)

The Sorrow of the May (p. 93)

The Fiddler’s Funeral (p. 95)

A Westmoreland Song (p. 98)

The Westmoreland Emigrant (p. 100)

Home from Italy (p. 102)

At Dunnabeck (p. 103)

Dawn in Greece and Cumberland—A Contrast (p. 105)

The Stag Impaled (p. 106)

Jupiter and Venus (p. 107)

A Shadow on Scafell: In Memoriam Prof. A. Milne Marshall, of Owens College, Manchester, who died by a fall from the crags above Lod’s Rake on Scafell, 31st December, 1893 (p. 108)

At Buck Castle: The Prehistoric Fort of Refuge at the head of Shoulthwaite Ghyll (p. 109)

In the Wray Garden (p. 111)

The Streamlet at the Wray (p. 112)

The Bewcastle Cross (p. 114) 

The Sycamore at High Close: 17th August, 1908 (p. 118)

A Memory (p. 119)

 

Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics (London, 1890)

Dedicated to:

Phillips Brooks, of Boston, U.S.A., in memory of a day at Crosthwaite, and with gratitude for all he has done for the religious thought of England; and to those of his fellow-citizens who remember that their forefathers sailed from Lincolnshire.

Brooks (1835-1893) was an American Episcopal clergyman who visited Hardwicke in 1887.  Of the collection of poems, Hardwicke wrote:

Some of these poems have appeared in contemporary periodicals.  The Ballads, for the most part, record heroic deeds done in Great Britain and America during the past few years.  The Bucolics are sketches from real life in Lincolnshire.  The language of these latter has been made familiar by the poet Laureate…. Readers of dialect will bear in mind that the dialect herein spoken, and the folk-lore alluded to, are those of the old Danish colony whose children live between Horncastle, Louth, and Boston.

One review of the book said that it would be read:

with interest by lovers of poetry in general, and with a particular delight by those who know the scenes and characters that are to be met with in the rural parts of Lincolnshire.  Most of the pieces in the book draw their subject from the fen country.  Those which do not are ballads or odes founded upon heroic actions done in quite recent times.  These are celebrated in a stately line, which, however, is usually too coldly dignified to have much life.  On the other hand, the pieces in the Lincolnshire dialect are lively both in theme and treatment.  They naturally suggest a comparison with the Laureate’s poems in the same dialect.  Some notion of their quality may be conveyed when it is said that they bear the comparison without disparagement to themselves.

 

Contents

Introductory (p. 1)

The Poet’s Home-Going (p. 2)

Grand-Dad’s Annie, Dead (p. 13)

A Welcome to Stanley (p. 20)

The Old Partner Gone (p. 34)

Sister Rose Gertrude (p. 39)

The Old-Fashioned “Tortossy” Cat (p. 46)

Dreeäms (p. 63)

Father Damien (p. 65)

The Evil Eye (p. 70)

The Monkey-O’-Herse-Back Methody Man (p. 79)

A Brave Doctor: To the Memory of Doctors Rabbeth and Lysaght (p. 87)

In the Pig Market (p. 90)

The Village Carpenter (p. 92)

A Sad Letter (p. 99)

The Island Home: A Ballad of the East River, New York (p. 101)

Chaäsing the Sun; or, The Trak Wi’ the Terrible Naáme (p. 111)

Death the Befriender. A Ballad of the People’s Palace (p. 116)

Old Times (p. 122)

Lincolnshire Witches (p. 130)

Daniel Periton: A Ballad of the Conemaugh Flood (p. 136)

The Widower from Latrigg (p. 141)

The Ballad of Rosemarie; or, the White Cockade (p. 144)

The Legend of St Bees (p. 155)

Ram Buksh, the Leper (p. 168)

In a Garden (p. 173)

The Christmas Bells (p. 175)

An Old Conspiracy (p. 181)

Elijah at the Brook Cherith (p. 186)

A Libel (p. 190)

A Woman Saviour (p. 193)

A Farm-Yard Soliloquy (p. 197)

The Brave Pit Lads of Penicuick (p. 202)

A Hero’s Crown (p. 206)

Catherine Watson (p. 208)

A Gallant Quarryman (p. 212)

The Fox and Hound (p. 214)

Dead Man’s Pool (p. 217)

New Fangledy Waäys (p. 228)

The Engine-Driver. On the Pennsylvanian Railway (p. 238)

At the Ram-Show Dinner. After the Member’s Speech (p. 244)

Valedictory (p. 246)

 

Past and Present at the English Lakes (Glasgow, 1916)

Published in 1916, this was the last of Hardwicke’s numerous books on his beloved Lake District.  Some of the chapters are tinged with the background sadness of WW1.  As with some of his earlier books, there is a mixture of new material and re-published information.

The reviewer for the Liverpool Daily Post noted:

To think of the English Lakes is to think of certain names in literature whose history is bound up with that of the wonderland in which they dwelt.  Wordsworth, Southey, Coleridge, De Quincy, Arnold, these are a few, and to them we must add that of Canon Rawnsley, for he has done for the Lake district in prose what Wordsworth did in poetry.  No holiday should be taken there without a full sense of the wonderful literary associations of every spot with men who found inspiration in the lakes, mountains, and meres for works as enduring as the scenes they celebrate.  And there is no better guide than Canon Rawnsley, for he has spent his life covering the footprints of the masters so that we may undertake a pilgrimage with accuracy and comfort.  And although the canon’s books demand a great space upon one’s bookshelves, there must be room made for yet another, for it is worthy of a place…. Canon Rawnsley has written a book full of interesting facts and observation; with accuracy he combines a literary grace which makes his writing a pleasure to the ear as well as the sense.  The book, as were its companions, is well illustrated.  

 

Contents

Sunrise on Helvellyn (pp. 1-9)

Reminiscences of Hartley Coleridge (pp. 10-36)

From Gowbarrow to Mardale and Back (pp. 37-63)

The German Miners at Keswick (pp. 64-84)

The Home of the German Miners in Tyrol (pp. 85-101)

The Bluebells of the Duddon (pp. 102-108)

The Consecration Crosses, St. Kentigern’s Church, Crosthwaite (pp. 109-118)

A Hundred Miles of Beauty at the Lakes (pp. 119-152)

*The Story of Gough and His Dog (pp. 153-208)

At the Sign of the Nag’s Head (pp. 209-229)

Crossing the Sands (pp. 230-269)

A Crack with Mrs. Dixon of Dove Cottage (pp. 270-283)

(* Published previously)