The North West Passage – Franklin and Rae

Arctic Exploration - the Historical Background

 

Lecture for the John Rae Society, 29 September 2025

Good evening.  It is wonderful to be back in Orkney at last!   I do see some familiar faces, but for those in the audience whom I have not had the pleasure of meeting before, perhaps I should introduce myself: 

I am indeed, as it says on the tin, you might say, a Franklin descendant, though not directly from Sir John, who only had one daughter, by his first marriage.  My three-greats-grandfather was Sir Willingham Franklin, an elder brother of Sir John, who joined the Indian Civil Service and became a Puisne Judge in the High Court in Madras.  He and his wife both died within weeks of each other in a cholera epidemic and their orphaned infant daughter Catherine, my great-great grandmother, became the ward of her uncle Sir John. 

That is really my only qualification for being here today!  I am very grateful therefore to your Society and to Andrew Appleby for giving me this opportunity to return once again to Orkney, and for making all the necessary arrangements.

*

While it is of course Dr. John Rae who is the raison d’être for this gathering, he will not appear this evening but is waiting patiently in the wings until tomorrow.

*

In order to put Rae’s great achievements into context, I would like to talk today about the background history of Arctic exploration in general and the search for a north-west passage in particular.  

As a preamble therefore, I would like to quote briefly from the Preface to Peter Whitfield’s New Found Lands – Maps in the History of Exploration, in the edition republished by the Folio Society in 2000.

  He writes:

“European exploration, during what we may call its classic period between 1500 and 1900, is the story of the growth of knowledge, geographical knowledge that was recorded, centralised and used as never before.  But discovery is a relative and misleading term… since the lands discovered were of course inhabited or known for centuries before Europeans arrived… Newly-discovered routes… invariably represented knowledge simply borrowed from native peoples.” 

Whitfield goes on to make the point that,

“The European discoverer of a certain land, or the route to it, may have been simply the first to record his discovery and incorporate it into the body of European knowledge.  In order to do this, he had obviously to find his way home again, therefore the first duty of an explorer was to survive…”

Indeed.  And this is where Dr. John Rae succeeded, but Sir John Franklin and the crew of his last expedition tragically did not.  The paradox is that because Franklin and his ships and crews disappeared without trace after they sailed from Stromness in 1835, the mystery of their disappearance has captured the imagination of the public ever since.  Everybody loves a good mystery. 

While Rae eventually discovered the fate of Franklin’s crew, as we shall hear in the second of these talks, it is only in the very recent past, thanks to the melting of the ice and to modern technology that we have learned the fate of his ships and their exact location under the ice. 

There is a great deal more to be discovered, and I greatly regret that I probably will not live long enough to hear the end of the story.  What if the log-books of either Erebus  or Terror have survived, preserved by the low temperatures under the ice, and can be deciphered? THAT would be stupendous!

***

So, to return to the background.  The furtherance of the growth of geographical knowledge was just one reason for the discovery, exploration and the mapping of unknown lands.  It was seldom the only motive.  There were other motives, less disinterested. 

Annexation of territory and its subsequent exploitation for the benefit of the nation making the discovery was another, even if not overtly declared.  Or evangelisation perhaps –saving the souls of the savages by converting them to Christianity.  A respectable veneer for land-grabbing.  One of the most powerful motives of all however was probably trade. 

*

The dream of discovering a navigable northern sea route from Europe to the Indies, has a very long history.  It is something of a ‘spicy story’.

Highly prized spices, such as cloves mace and nutmeg, were imported to Europe in antiquity, but it was at the height of the Roman Empire, when the Pax Romana made it less hazardous, that the trade in spices really took off.  Spices arrived in the Mediterranean via three overland routes:   through Central Asia, through the Middle East via the Red Sea, and up from the Horn of Africa.  For over a thousand years this trade depended on Indonesian sailors, who carried the spices from the Spice Islands to the Malay Peninsula, Java and Sumatra, whence they were distributed by Indian and Arab sailors across the rest of the Indian Ocean, and through the Red Sea to Alexandria or via the Persian Gulf to ports in the Levant, whence Venetian traders took them on to the European markets.

Where the spices came from remained a very closely guarded secret until the early 1500s.  It was only after the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama had discovered the sea route to India and South-East Asia via the southern tip of Africa, that the source of supply of these valuable products, the so-called ‘Spice Islands’, was revealed.  As soon as the cat was out of the bag, the Portuguese Viceroy of India lost no time in despatching ships to these islands, where the crews hastened to fill the holds with priceless cargoes of cloves, nutmegs and mace.

However, it was not enough to know the source of supply.  The precious spices had to be transported to the market.  

It was a long and hazardous journey from Europe to the Far East via the Cape of Good Hope.  From the middle of the sixteenth century, abortive attempts to find a north-east passage to China and Indonesia, in part to avoid the Spanish and the Portuguese who monopolised the southern route. were made by, among others, Sir Hugh Willoughby and Richard Chancellor (who both ended up in watery graves), Stephen Borough and other English navigators.

Henry Hudson, of whom we shall hear more in a moment, also made a couple of unsuccessful expeditions during this period, and much later in 1818, while still only a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, John Franklin, in company with Commander David Buchan tried to reach the Bering Strait by way of Spitzbergen but they were stopped by ice before they got very far.

During the time when the Low Countries were under the jurisdiction, of the Spanish Crown, and following the Spanish interdiction of trade with Portugal, the Dutch also sent out expeditions.  Willem Barents, the best known of the Dutch navigators, led three expeditions.  On the third attempt he succeeded in rounding the north point of the island of Novaya Zemlaya only to become icebound for the whole winter and having to abandon his ship.  He died a week later as a result of his prolonged exposure to the rigours of the Arctic winter.  His posthumous consolation was to have the sea to the east of Spitzbergen, which he had successfully navigated, named after him. 

Various Russian expeditions at different times charted the entire north coast of Russia, but it was not until 1878/9 that the whole length of the north-east passage was successfully navigated.  Meanwhile the focus of attention was turned towards the west.  The eastern route to the north of Russia having been found impracticable, what about seeking a north-western passage from the Atlantic to the Pacific and reaching the Far East from the opposite direction?

The Italian Giovanni Caboto, anglicised to John Cabot, about 1450 to 1498, most probably the Captain of a merchant ship trading to the Levant, is said on one of his voyages to have visited Mecca and been amazed by the market in spices and silks which he found there.  He learned that these spices were transported overland by caravan from Asia. 

Cabot, with an eye to the main chance, conceived the notion that it might be possible to open up a sea route across the western ocean to Cathay for the purpose of bringing these luxury items to Europe.  Having found the European Courts unreceptive to this idea he brought his family to England and tried to persuade the merchants of Bristol to finance an expedition in search of such a route. 

While this was being organised, the news came through that Christopher Columbus, (usually considered also to be Italian, but in fact possibly a Spanish Sephardic Jew), sailing west, had reached the West Indies.  This news galvanised the English establishment, and Henry VII granted Cabot letters patent to undertake a voyage to the west in the hope of finding a navigable route to Cathay via the north west.  He set sail in the Mathew, a small vessel with a crew of only 18 men in May 1497 and on 24^th June sighted one of the northern capes of Newfoundland, promptly taking possession in the name of the King, of what he was convinced was an island off the coast of Cathay.  Quite by chance on the return voyage they sailed over what are now known as the Grand Banks of Newfoundland where they had only to lower buckets over the side to catch huge quantities of cod.  This accidental discovery led directly to the foundation of the Newfoundland cod fishing industry.

That expedition marked the beginning of the serious search for a navigable northern sea route to the markets of the far east, though it was still to be a few years before it was realised that Newfoundland was not an island, but part of a very large continent blocking the route, and that Cathay was many thousands of miles still further to the west.

What eventually was to prove the catalyst which prompted more concentrated efforts to find as soon as possible a navigable sea route to the sources of such potential wealth, was the completion of the conquest of the entire eastern Mediterranean by the Ottoman Empire.  The overland caravan trade routes over which the products of the East, including the precious spices, had been brought to Europe for centuries were thus cut off. 

*

In 1493 Pope Alexander VI (on whose authority one might ask?) drew a line 370 leagues, (a league at sea being roughly three nautical miles) to the west of Cape Verde on the westernmost point of Africa, and awarded all newly discovered lands to the west of this line to Portugal and to the east to Spain.

As far as Britain was concerned, in view of the ongoing hostilities with Spain and Portugal, the use of the sea routes through the Magellan Strait in Chile, and the Cape of Good Hope to the south of Africa, were no longer available and it now became even more important to find a navigable sea route for the increasingly lucrative trade in spices.  The north east route having proved impracticable, perhaps a route could be found to the west or north-west?

*

Here our story really begins.

Once it was realised that the earth is not flat but is in fact a sphere, it was assumed that if one sailed from Europe far enough to the west one would eventually reach the shores of Cathay and the fabled East.  The discovery of the American continent by Christopher Columbus, a Genoese adventurer, put paid to the notion of a westward route.  That left the remaining option – a route to the north of the continent of America via the Arctic.

*

Columbus, in quest of Japan, in 1492 had first discovered the islands of the Bahamas, which he took to be India, therefore naming the natives, ‘Indians’, and on discovering shortly thereafter the island of Cuba he assumed that as it looked so unlike Japan, it must be an outlying promontory of China. On a second voyage, financed by the Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, he discovered several other Caribbean islands, and revisited Cuba, still convinced that it was a promontory of China.

A third voyage of exploration brought the realisation that the main land mass he had discovered was not Asia at all, as he had at first been convinced.  He attempted to find a passage through the area of Panama, as he had been informed by natives that there was another ocean not far away, but of course until the Panama Canal was built there was no such passage.  He was credited with the discovery of America nonetheless, though what is now the USA still remained unknown to Europeans.  (A few years later another Florentine merchant adventurer called Amerigo Vespucci laid claim to having been the first European to reach the mainland of the continent named after him, but the veracity of his claim has been considered doubtful.)

*

The race was now on.  The principal actors were the English and the Dutch.  Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1555 petitioned Queen Elizabeth I to support an attempt to find a passage to Cathay via a northern route, which, equating America with the lost continent of Atlantis, he was convinced, from his reading of Plato, Aristotle and other ancient writers, must exist. 

The Queen was evidently sceptical, since nothing came of his petition, though a letter from Sir Humphrey to his brother Sir John Gilbert postulating the existence of a commercially feasible route to the east, a letter which remained in circulation for ten years before it was published, probably helped to promote the idea of seeking such a passage.  Gilbert seems to have had a bee in his bonnet on the subject, though he was not the only one – Richard Hakluyt, something of an armchair traveller in the 16^th century, seems equally to have been obsessed with the idea, and quoting the accounts of a number of hopeful explorers made an imaginary voyage to Cathay via a north-west route.

In spite of the failure of all these voyages of discovery,akluyt, the contemporary geographer, among other armchair explorers, maintained, quoting dubious and circumstantial evidence of various kinds, that a north-west passage not only existed, but had been successfully navigated by assorted ‘inverted commas’ Indians. the interest remained, and in the last quarter of the sixteenth century the search for the fabled north-west passage really began in earnest.

Martin Frobisher made three voyages, in 1576, 1577 and 1578, reaching a sizeable inlet in the southeast corner of Baffin Island.  Here he discovered, on his second voyage, what he took to be gold.  With a fleet of no less  than fifteen vessels he undertook a third voyage in 1578 in order to recover the ‘gold’ he had discovered and therewith make his fortune.  He was doomed to disappointment, as the ‘gold’ turned out to be iron pyrites, or ‘fool’s gold’.  

Frobisher was followed in 1585, 1586 and 1587 by John Davis, who penetrated a little further north, discovering the strait which divides western Greenland from Baffin Island later named after him.  

The English navigator and freelance explorer Henry Hudson now appears on the scene.  In 1607 he made two unsuccessful attempts to find a sea route to China.  The first attempt was to be made via the North Pole but having got no further than Spitzbergen before being blocked by ice, he attempted to find a north-eastern route, via the Barents Sea, but was once again prevented by ice.  Undeterred, at the end of the following year he accepted a commission from the Dutch East India Company to seek for a passage to China by either a north-east or north-western route.  His attempt to find an eastern route being foiled again by impenetrable ice in the Barents Sea, he talked his already mutinous crew into crossing the Atlantic and trying to find a route via a north-west passage.

Making landfall in North Virginia in August 1609 he entered New York Bay and sailed northwards for some 150 miles up the river subsequently named after him, proving that it was not a strait as had previously been thought. 

On his return to England, not surprisingly, he was forbidden thenceforward to offer his future services to the Dutch.

Undeterred by his failure so far to locate it, Hudson was still convinced of the existence of a north-west passage, and the following year once again set sail in the 55-ton aptly named Discovery.  Leaving Harwich on 1^st May 1610, he sailed north to Orkney, on the same course which would be set two centuries later by Sir John Franklin. 

Passing the Faroe Islands, the expedition anchored in a thick fog off Iceland, where according to the account of the voyage given by Abacuk Pricket, the navigator, they caught a large quantity of cod and ling while waiting for a favourable wind and for the fog to clear.

Pricket gives a graphic description of the topography of the west coast of Iceland as they continued the voyage, passing the most active volcano in Iceland, Mount Hecla, which was ‘spitting out much fire’ a sign, he wrote, indicating bad weather to come.  A hot spring was found on the shore, wherein the crew bathed, even though the water was apparently so hot that it would “scald a fowl”.

At the beginning of June 1610, the expedition raised Greenland but were unable to land because of the ice.  Pricket gives a graphic description of the ice-fields they had to negotiate, and the icebergs or “islands of ice”  one of which they observed overturn – a salutary warning not to approach too close.  A quantity of whales was seen, one of which, passing right under the ship, frightened the life out of the crew, who expected to be capsized at any moment.  To their chagrin they failed to despatch a polar bear spotted on an ice floe, which had they succeeded in bagging it, would have been a welcome addition to the shipboard diet.  

Fortunately for the bear, the ice floe floated it away out of range.  In due course the Discovery entered the strait between Baffin Island and Nunavut, later named after Hudson, and on 3^rd August entered what we now know as Hudson Bay.  The next two months were spent investigating and charting the shores of the Bay, Hudson assiduously naming the various bays, islands and prominent features after members of the Royal family and the nobility.  Eventually the ship became ice-bound and had to over-winter in the south-west corner of the Bay.

Hudson then convened a ‘council of war’ with the whole crew and producing a chart, demonstrated to them that they had already reached a point 100 leagues further than any Englishman hitherto had ever sailed, and asked whether once free of the ice they should continue to seek the north-west passage, or give up the expedition and sail for home. Opinion was divided, and there was, Pricket implies, already an ominous undercurrent of grumbling. 

No decision was therefore reached, but the first task in any case was to extricate themselves from the ice.  This they did succeed in doing after much labour but the hardship and privations the crew had had to endure finally led to open mutiny.  The ringleader was Hudson’s ne’er-do-well protégé, one Henry Greene.   Hudson was tied up and with his teenage son, the sick members of the crew and several others was forced at gunpoint into the shallop or tender, cast adrift and abandoned to his fate. 

The remainder of the crew set sail for home on 22^nd June 1611, but not before Greene and several others were killed in a fight with the Inuit.  Several more died before the ship reached England in September.  The survivors, including Pricket were tried and sent to prison. 

The eventual fate of Hudson and his fellow castaways remains unknown to this day. 

Further expeditions were undertaken by William Baffin who in the course of five voyages between 1612 and 1616, reached as far as the northern end of the bay dividing Baffin Island and Greenland, which was subsequently named after him, and further expeditions led by Luke Fox and Thomas James established only that there was no passage through the western shore of Hudson Bay. 

One result of all this was however the creation of the Hudson’s Bay Company, established to exploit the lucrative trade in furs.  By the terms of is charter the Company was bound to continue the search for a viable route from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the north of their territory, and they came in for considerable criticism for failing to do so.  To silence that criticism various rather half-hearted sea voyages around Hudson Bay were undertaken, but without result.

 Various overland journeys were also organised, the most important being that led in 1771 by Samuel Hearne, who discovered the Coppermine River, which was later to become the route of one of Franklin’s early expeditions.  A few years later Sir Alexander Mackenzie discovered the river named after him, to the west of the Coppermine.  Captain James Cook, in the course of his third circumnavigation explored western Alaska, and via the Bering Strait reached what he named Icy Cape at the north-western extremity of the peninsula. 

The general outline of the North American continent was now bit by bit gradually taking shape.  *

Apart from the expeditions I have just mentioned, which followed the period of the greatest discoveries in the 17^th century, interest in discovering a polar route then fell into the doldrums for a couple of hundred years. 

***

It was not until the 19^th century, following the industrial revolution and the huge expansion in international trade, that it became increasingly important to determine whether or not a navigable north-west passage did actually exist between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, through the chain of islands by the most direct route to the north of British North America, as it still was at the time.  (As you may well already know, the Dominion of Canada, being the amalgamation of the Provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, was not created until the passing of the British North America Act in 1867).

*

Ship-building, navigation and naval discipline, were all considered to have improved enormously since the search for the elusive North West Passage had been abandoned almost two centuries earlier.  By the 19^th century, the period we are now concerned with, the discovery of a viable north-western sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific was not any longer so much a question of trade, as of national pride. 

The prospect of Russia, already claiming sovereignty over Alaska, getting there first and thus gaining control of northern access to the Pacific, was viewed with considerable alarm at the British Admiralty, and a series of Polar expeditions was therefore launched as a matter of some urgency, in the hope that if such a passage did exist, Britain should be the first in the field.  *

A further consideration was that after the victory of Waterloo in 1815, which abruptly ended the Napoleonic Wars, the British Admiralty had on their hands a large pool of experienced and battle-hardened naval officers, many of them at a loose end and on half-pay.  So, more for reasons of national prestige and scientific knowledge than from any serious thought of finding a new navigable route from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, My Lords of the Admiralty once again turned their attention to the still unresolved question of discovering a North-West Passage. 

Captain John Ross, uncle of James Clark Ross of Antarctic fame; William Parry, who led three expeditions, and others penetrated further west and filled some of the blanks on the charts of the complex Arctic archipelago, but none of them actually got far enough west to reach the Bering Strait. 

William Parry, who took part in or led more than one of these expeditions, apparently studied the Inuit way of life, the way they dressed, travelled and hunted, but unfortunately failed to draw the conclusion that European explorers in the Arctic might do well to copy the native way of life.  This John Rae was to do so successfully in after years. 

*

From 1818 to 1859, a very lengthy stretch of the north coast of North America, filling in the gaps between the earlier land-based expeditions, had been mapped.  This work was achieved mainly by British explorers including among others, John Ross, William Parry, who was an hydrographer, and James Ross (nephew of John). 

John Franklin had also made two perilous overland expeditions, one of them via the Coppermine River, as mentioned earlier,  and a third, rather unsatisfactory voyage by sea, during the process making further discoveries; charting a very considerable additional part of that coast and establishing in the process the strong probability (rather than the wishful thinking of earlier times) of a navigable sea route from east to west.  Franklin and his companions endured terrible hardships and privations. (They might have suffered less if like John Rae, they had learned and adopted the Inuit survival techniques).

Polar exploration had now become a hot topic, and by 1844 there remained just a short stretch of coastline unexplored.  The race to discover that last link was on.  Apart from the danger of Russia getting there first, the credit for the discovery of such a link would be an enormous feather in the cap of the nation responsible.  Sir John Barrow, promoted to First Secretary at the Admiralty, now aged eighty and about to retire, was very keen to crown his career with the credit for discovering the missing link  - the Holy Grail of Polar exploration – the fabled North-West Passage. 

However, the British Government, which under Barrow’s aegis had already invested so much in Polar exploration, took some persuading to invest yet more money in this elusive project.  And this, even though James Clark Ross’s highly successful expedition to the Antarctic from 1839 to 1843 had given a boost to the official appetite for Arctic exploration. Towards the end of 1834 however, after much vacillation on the part if the British Government, Barrow was at last successful in persuading them to finance one last push. 

All naval expeditions were traditionally undertaken in two ships, and this last attempt on the north-west passage was to be no exception.   Her Majesty’s Ships Erebus and Terror, sturdy ‘bomb ships,’ veterans of the Napoleonic Wars and recently returned from Ross’s Antarctic expedition, were the obvious choice of vessels and the burning question was then, who should lead such an expedition? 

The names of various tried and trusted veterans of Arctic exploration were considered.  There was no shortage of interested parties, much intriguing and jockeying for position, and many hopefuls bent the ears of those with influence. 

At that time, who you knew rather than necessarily what you knew, was of the utmost importance. Influence was all.  Even though nothing was definitely known, rumours abounded, and a good deal of intrigue was going on behind the scenes.  One who felt that he had a good chance of being appointed to lead such an expedition if it should go ahead, was James Fitzjames, who though young and relatively untried, was a great friend of Sir John Barrow’s son.  Another possible candidate was the Arctic veteran Sir Francis Crozier.

After 1815 Captain John Franklin, as he now was, had been one of the experienced half-pay naval officers I mentioned a moment ago, cooling his heels in England without a command.  He had, from the Battle of the Nile to that of Trafalgar, been in the thick of all the major naval engagements of the war against Napoleon, as well as enduring the subsequent hazards of Arctic exploration, and had thus far miraculously escaping unscathed, even though he had had some very narrow squeaks in the course of his overland journeys in the frozen wastes of North America.  Following his last land expedition during which starvation loomed for all his crew, Franklin became notorious in the popular imagination  as ‘the man who ate his boots.’ 

At this point we make the acquaintance of Jane, Lady Franklin, who was to play such an important part in subsequent events.  She was born in 1792, the eldest of three daughters of John Griffin, a silk-weaver and liveryman of the City of London, descended from a French Huguenot family.  John’s father, so the story goes, had been smuggled into England as a young child, concealed in an armoire. 

John Griffin was a man of culture, addicted to travel, a passion which he had the means to indulge, and as a widower, he took his young daughters on extended tours of Europe.  This wanderlust he passed on to Jane, who fortunately for posterity kept voluminous diaries of her travels for the rest of her life.  These diaries are now held, I believe, in the archives of the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge.  She was herself an inveterate traveller and also a prodigious letter-writer - to her husband when they were apart, to her friends and to members of her family.  Many of these letters have been preserved, and my great- great-uncle, Willingham Rawnsley published a Life and selection of Jane’s letters which makes fascinating reading.

Jane, still a spinster in her late thirties, was a friend of John Franklin’s first wife Eleanor Porden, who died in 1825, while Franklin was away in the Arctic on his second land expedition to map the coast of North America.  It is evident from Jane’s diaries that she had quite an admiration for the dashing Captain Franklin and following his return from the Arctic she made a dead set for him. 

They became engaged to be married, and together they took the unusual step for the  time of going together on an adventurous trip to Russia before the nuptials were solemnised.  The wedding took place in November 1828, when Jane, six years younger than her husband, was already thirty-nine.

Captain Franklin was knighted the following year for his services to Arctic exploration and after two years ashore without a ship, he was given a new command, spending the next three years with HMS Rainbow on duty in the Mediterranean, mainly keeping the peace in Greece, for which service he was decorated by King Otho. 

During his absence he and Jane wrote long and frequent letters to each other, and Jane’s very first letter to her husband after he left for the Mediterranean was full of encouragement for him to engage in another expedition to the Arctic. 

“All the world knows what you can do,” she wrote, and “deathless glory” would await him, if he could obtain such a post.  Prophetic perhaps? …  Poor Sir John,…

Although officer’s wives were not allowed on board ship, the couple managed to spend at least one winter together in Corfu, where Lady Franklin, as she had now become, seems to have experienced more than one earthquake; writing to her sister that she had been awakened by the shaking of her bed to and fro.  Then all the church bells started ringing, not caused, she says, by the earthquake, but by the ringers who rushed to raise the alarm.  Earthquakes in Corfu did not it seems often do much damage. Nonetheless, she wrote,  

“Some days previous to the earthquake, the front wall of our house was cracked and the window of the anteroom to our drawing room fell altogether in and was smashed, but this was owing to the firing upon the esplanade upon the Queen’s birthday.”

***

By Christmas 1833 Franklin was back in Portsmouth at the end of his 3-year commission in the Mediterranean, but his wife, still on her travels, was now in Alexandria, preparing to sail up the Nile.  She did not  return to England until the end of 1834. 

Two years later, and still without a commission, Sir John was offered a six-year contract as Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen’s Land,  (as Tasmania was then known), at that time a penal colony.  This was a posting for which he was perhaps ill-suited, as later events were to demonstrate, but he accepted it with alacrity, and he and Lady Franklin, accompanied by Sir John’s daughter Eleanor, by then a girl of thirteen, and his niece Sophy Cracroft, set sail for the Antipodes. 

Sophy would remain with Lady Franklin as her constant companion and amanuensis for the remainder of Jane’s life.

Franklin was not really temperamentally suited to the life in Tasmania, and as a result of various intrigues against him, was eventually recalled, under something of a cloud, but not before both he and his wife had made many welcome improvements to the lives of the settlers and the convicts in particular.

*

Once more back in England, and presumably again on half-pay, Franklin was, despite his terrible near-death experiences on earlier overland expeditions, keen to return to the familiar and uncomplicated world of the Navy.  Once he heard that one last expedition in search of the North-West Passage was in the wind, he was more than anxious to go back to the Arctic in order to complete the task of mapping which he had begun years before. 

Sir James Ross had evidently been in touch with him on the subject, and had dropped a hint that the expedition was likely to be approved, as on Christmas Eve 1844 Franklin wrote to Ross:

“I purpose going up to London on Thursday next and will then make a point of seeing Sir John Barrow, Beaufort and Parry,  I shall go in fact to them for the purpose of enquiring of them how the question stands as to the Expedition and to let them know that providing you do not go in command of it, I hope to do so… If I find that the Expedition, as your note seems to imply, has been approved by the Admiralty and is in course of preparation, I shall certainly offer myself for the Command of it…  

A week later, on 31 December, we learn from Franklin’s letter to his wife, that he had just visited Sir William Parry at the Admiralty, who had informed him that nothing definite had yet been decided. 

Rumours however were rife, and journalists had obviously been jumping to conclusions, since Franklin ends the letter by observing that “The Times had a short paragraph alluding to the Expedition and says it is to be offered to Ross, and if he declines, the command falls to me.”

Sir James Ross would have been an obvious choice.  He however was very recently married and therefore, as he must have hinted to Franklin. had ruled himself out,  Captain Francis Crozier, another Arctic veteran would also be a possibility. 

All of this remained speculation or wishful thinking right up to the very last possible minute – as James Fitzjames, who had aspirations himself to command any such expedition, should it be decided upon, wrote on 7^th February 1845, somewhat peevishly, to his good friend John Barrow Junior,

My dear Barrow,

“I have been very anxious to hear about the Northern business, which I had hoped would be settled last Wednesday. …  I have heard that the command of the expedition has been offered to Sir James Ross who has refused it, and that Captain Stokes was to be appointed if Sir John Franklin refused which looks like Captain Stokes going 2^nd if Sir John does go.

“ Now Captain Stokes is a Commander very little senior to me and being in an expedition of the sort I should like to go with such men as Franklin and Ross of known experience in icy affairs or in command myself – for I think I could do as well as Captain Stokes…

“Besides all this, he added,

“If the ships be not commissioned immediately and fitted out as quickly as possible, they will be too late to start this year with advantage… 

Jumping to conclusions, he went on,

Franklin’s last expedition should sail on the 20^th  of April and being towed to the ice by a large steamer should arrive off Lancaster Sound where the work is to begin, on 1^st July – not a bit too early…

Fitzjames ends the letter:

“I write this in heaviness of heart, for I have now nearly given up all idea of going.  This is a great disappointment to me and will be a sad one to those officers who have been hoping to go with me…”

In the event, on the recommendation of Sir James Ross, Franklin was duly appointed to command the expedition.  Misgivings about him had been expressed by My Lords of the Admiralty, because of his age – he was already approaching sixty and might have been excused for preferring to retire gracefully on his reputation, but like so many others before and since, he had got the Arctic ‘bug’ and was very keen to go. 

 On 8^th February he wrote to Sir James Ross:

“I have just received your note and give you many thanks for it.  I was in the act of writing to you when your note came, to tell you that I had received a note last evening to tell me that I was to have command of the expedition…”

Captain Crozier, himself an Arctic veteran who might well have been considered, had already intimated to Ross that while he did not feel up to the leadership of the expedition, he would be happy to join it as second-in-command to Sir John Franklin.  Ross took the hint, and Crozier was duly appointed to command the Terror.  HMS Erebus would be Franklin’s flagship. 

From then on, events moved at lightning speed.  Since this was likely to be the last chance to find that elusive last link in the fabled North-West Passage, the Admiralty pulled out all the stops, and no expense was spared in fitting out the expedition.  The hulls of Erebus and Terror already stoutly built as bomb-ships, to resist crushing by ice should they get locked in during the Arctic winter, were reinforced further with an extra thickness of planking;  stores sufficient for a three years’ voyage were taken on board and the officers and crews signed on.  

The dockyard at Woolwich was day and night a hive of frantic activity, too frequently interrupted by the hordes of visitors who came see how the work was getting on; and to bid farewell to their loved ones.

The young James Fitzjames was given the rank of Commander and was appointed by the Admiralty as second to Franklin in Erebus, a fortunate choice for posterity as many of the long and entertaining letters to his friends and family which have survived are among the principal sources of information about the fitting out of the ships, the characters of the crew, and so on.  Around fifty of these letters have been published in the comprehensive and very moving collection of correspondence to and from members of the expedition, published by McGill University in 2022 under the title, May We be Spared to Meet on Earth.

The fitting out being more or less completed, on 12^th May Erebus and Terror, quite low in the water from the weight of stores and equipment, with even the crew’s cabins being crammed with supplies so that the occupants had hardly room left to move, left Woolwich dockyard and moved downstream to Greenhithe.  Here the crews, with the addition of a monkey, given by Lady Franklin, a dog and a cat, were able to ‘shake down’ and get to know each other. 

Many last letters were written and despatched, and the final preparations made for departure.  A photographer came aboard at the instance of Lady Franklin and took daguerreotype portraits of Franklin and his officers.  Some of these have miraculously survived, and a set was recently sold at auction for £445,000.

On 19^th May 1835, just over three months after the decision was made for the expedition to go ahead, HMS Erebus and Terror, fitted out with all the most up-to-date equipment, as well auxiliary steam engines adapted from railway locomotives, finally set sail for the Thames Estuary, in company with the transport ship Baretto Junior.

In spite of contrary winds which slowed their progress, they made quite good time up the east coast with the aid of the steam-powered support vessels Rattler and Monkey.  Monkey was however damaged in a gale quite early in the voyage, and was eventually replaced by Blazer, but not until the flotilla reached the latitude of Aberdeen.  In fact, the worst weather encountered by the expedition on the whole voyage to Greenland was that experienced on the trip up the east coast of England, when Erebus & Terror due to contrary winds, had ignominiously to be towed most of the way by the indomitable Rattler.  After rounding John o’Groats, landfall was eventually made at Stromness, the last port of call in the UK, on 31 May 1845. 

The expedition remained at Stromness hardly more than 48 hours, just long enough for the ships to take on final supplementary stores, including some live bullocks, to replace the three which due to the rough weather encountered up the east coast, had died on board.  Water was taken on at Logan’s Well.  The crew were forbidden shore leave, though it seems possible that Sir John Franklin found the time to go ashore, as tradition has it that he stayed the night with the Hamiltons, John Rae’s sister and brother-in law, and that Rae’s mother was also of the party.  (As Bryce Wilson has observed, no doubt Franklin, as a distinguished visitor, would have been showered with invitations during his brief visit to Stromness).

Whether Franklin did indeed take time off ashore to visit the Hamiltons; remains, in the absence of any concrete evidence, an open question.  It does however seem rather unlikely that he found time to leave the Erebus at all,  in view of all the last-minute paperwork and preparations that he had to deal with before the final departure.  If he did indeed dine ashore, it is even more surprising that he did not mention it in the surviving letter to his wife, posted from Stromness. 

Never mind – it remains a charming idea!

Last letters were received and despatched, a rousing farewell dinner for the crews was held on board, and early in the morning of June 3^rd, 1845, the fleet, consisting of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, with the two steamers Rattler and Blazer and the supply ship Baretto Junior set sail from Stromness for the coast of Greenland.  The flotilla must have presented a fine spectacle to those assembled on shore to see them off.

Rattler and Blazer left the expedition’s ships off the island of Rona.  The Baretto Junior accompanied Erebus and Terror as far as Whalefish Island, off the west coast of Greenland, where the stores were transferred, and on 12^th July the last mailbags were transferred to the supply ship before she left to return to England.  In the very last letter, from Charles Osmer to his wife, he wrote:

“At the last moment I have just that time to say God bless you.  The transport is now four miles out of the harbour whilst I write these few lines.  I shall get on board the Erebus by 12 o’clock tonight.  296 icebergs in sight from the masthead.”

Erebus & Terror with their crews full of hope and optimism for the success of the venture, set off the next day for the Arctic.

Thereafter, apart from a couple of sightings by whalers, the whole expedition  disappeared off the face of the earth.

Though of course nobody for a moment considered it a possibility, neither Franklin nor any of his crew would ever see their homeland again.

To begin with nobody at home was too worried as to the lack of communication, since it was likely that the ships would have to overwinter in the ice before they had completed their mission and might well not make it home for at least two years.

The Royal Navy had intimated to the crews that they would accept and endeavour to deliver letters when opportunity afforded.

As the ships had still not returned by January 1848 the first mailbags were sent out with HMS Plover and the North Star.  Neither ship found any trace of the expedition and all the letters were accordingly returned undelivered.  Later on, letters were despatched with the various search expeditions on the off chance that they might be picked up, but these too were brought back undelivered and were all returned to sender.

In 1845, as was learned much later, Franklin, fortunately for him perhaps, died during the voyage.  As a result, although posthumously credited with the discovery of the North-West Passage, he escaped the terrible fate of the remainder of his crew. 

So there, as the expedition, full of hope and enthusiasm, disappears into oblivion, we leave them.**

Dr. John Rae awaits us tomorrow.

Hits: 285

The Subject Index covers all the poems published by HDR in his poetry books as well as the many individual poems found in newspapers, journals and the Crosthwaite Parish Magazine. It also includes numerous unpublished poems from the Rawnsley Archives.

 

Sabatier, Paul

To Paul Sabatier, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 161.

 

Sailors

Brave Sailing, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 89.

 

Saint Andrews

Farewell to Saint Andrews, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 120.

On the Links, Saint Andrews, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 118.

The Under-Song, Scotsman, 14 September 1911, p. 8.

 

Saint Bede

Unveiling of the Bede Memorial, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 64.

 

Saint Bega

The Legend of St. Bees, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 155-167.

 

Saint Botolph

St. Botolph’s Tower. The Sexcentenary of Boston Church, Boston Guardian, 19 June 1909, p. 9.

 

Saint Cuthbert

The Imperishable Gospel. A Legend of the Solway, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1877, p. 109.

 

Saint Florian

St. Florian, In the Monastery Church at Engelberg, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 44.

 

Saint Francis

A Dream of St. Francis, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 26.

May-time on Monte Subasio, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 1-6.

On the Way to Rivo Torto, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 7-9.

St. Francis, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 10.

 

Saint George

St. George’s Day, April 23^rd, 1900, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1900; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 4.

‘To-day the land remembers him who fought’, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 25 April 1904, p. 7; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 54.

 

Saint Hilda

Saint Hilda, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 165.

Saint Hilda’s Lights, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 179.

 

Saint John the Baptist

Three Pictures of St. John Baptist, in the Billiard Room at Leigh Court, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 143.

 

Saint Jude, Bristol

True Love; or, In St. Jude’s, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 86.

 

Saint Kentigern

Hymn for St. Kentigern’s Day, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1894.

St. Kentigern’s Spinners Song, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 25 January 1890, p. 4; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1890.

The Widower from Latrigg, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 141-143.

 

Saint Madron

St. Madron’s Well, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 37.

 

Saint Michael

Mount St. Michael, Penzance, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 35.

 

Saint Oswald

At the Grasmere Rushbearing. In Praise of St. Oswald, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

On Saint Oswald’s Day, August 5^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 34-35.

 

Saint Rumon

St. Rumon’s Well, at Grade, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 28.

 

Saint Vincent

Pleasures of Imagination; or, the Jackdaws Above Ghyston Cave, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 76.

The Power of Spring; or, On St. Vincent’s Rocks, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 75.

 

Saint William

At Saint William’s College, York, May 18, 1911, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 19 May 1911, p. 6.

 

Salisbury (Lord)

Lord Salisbury: In Memoriam, August 22^nd, 1903, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1903.

 

Saltburn

A Child’s Face on the Shore, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 127.

Beneath Huntcliff, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 131.

The Enchanted Castle Between Saltburn and Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 144.

The Gardens by Moonlight, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 135.

The Gardens Illuminated, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 134.

The Gardens, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 133.

The Huntcliff, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 130.

The Pier at Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 132.

The Saltburn Viaduct, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 136.

 

Sanatorium

Blencathra Sanatorium: The Cry of the Poor Consumptives, Carlisle Journal, 1 May 1903, p. 5; Dundee Evening Telegraph, 19 October 1903, p. 3.

‘Not to make smooth the pathway to the grave’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 4 March 1899, p. 5.

 

Sands

A Child’s Face on the Shore, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 127.

Children On the Shore, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 209.

On Shining Sands, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 113.

 

Savage, Richard

Richard Savage; or, In Front of St. Peter’s Hospital, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 42.

 

Scafell see also Fells; Mountains

A Shadow on Scafell, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 108.

 

Scarborough

At the Parish Church, Scarborough, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 201.

Flamborough, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 205.

Oliver’s Mount, Scarborough, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 202.

Scarborough Castle, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 200.

The Dane’s Dyke, Flamborough Head, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 204.

The Wanderer’s Tomb on the Filey Heights, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 203.

 

Schacke

Schacke, the Brave, Daily Gazette for Middlesborough, 12 September 1896, p. 3.

 

Schools

Archbishop Grindal, Founder of Saint Bees Grammar School 1587, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 98.

Clifton College Chapel / The Sunday of Return to School, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 30.

Glen Almond, Spectator, 61 (25 August 1888), p. 1162.

Penrith Grammar School Song, Penrith Observer, 30 March 1915, p. 7.

Red Maids’ School, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 54.

 

Schynige Platte (Switzerland)

At Breitlauenen, Schynige Platte, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 88.

On the Geisshorn, Schynige Platte, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 89.

 

Scott, Robert Falcon

In Honour of Captain Scott, March 17^th, 1912, British Review, April 1913, p. 81.

Memorial Service at St. Paul’s, February 14^th, 1913, British Review, April 1913, p. 81.

To the Heroes of the Terra Nova, British Review, April 1913, p. 80.

 

Sea and River Tragedies

A Ballad of Port Blair, Atalanta, 5 (March 1892), pp. 332-333; Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 44-47.

A Hero of the Mohegan, Rawnsley Archives (RR/3/1 – view full text).

.A Hero’s Crown, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 206-207.

A Modern Viking, Newcastle, Western Australia, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 91-93.

A Pearl for Our Sea-king’s Crown, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 37-39.

A River Tragedy, Barmouth, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 64-65.

Ballad of the “Cleopatra”, Cornhill Magazine, 11 (August 1888), pp. 151-156; Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 53-62.

Captain A. Noel Loxley, H.M.S. “Formidable”, January 1^st 1915, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 150-151.

Catherine Watson, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 208-211.

Daniel Periton. A Ballad of the Conemaugh Flood, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 136-140.

Drowned by the Upsetting of the Life-Boat, October 6, 1841. A Hero’s Grave in Whitby Churchyard, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 185.

‘Hark to the moaning of the Northern Sea’, Times, 26 September 1914, p. 9.

Hymn: In Memory of Walter Cartmel and Gerald Storey, Who Perished in Derwentwater, February 3^rd, 1907, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, (March 1907).

In Honour of E. A. Hatton, Seaman of the Dunbar Castle”, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, p. 145.

In Honour of Lieutenant-Commander H. de P. Rennick, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 87-88.

In Honour of William Thompson Stephenson, West Cumberland Times, 26 December 1896, p. 4.

In Memory of the Men of H.M.S. “Tiger”: April 2, 1908, Fife Free Press & Kirkaldy Guardian, 11 April 1908, p. 6.

Life-boat Heroes, The Upsetting of the St. Anne’s Lifeboat, December 1886, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 129.

Loss of H.M.S. “Bulwark”, Sheerness, November 26^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 125.

Loss of ‘The Captain’, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

M’Dermott’s Deed, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 48-52.

Stewardess of the Stella, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 6 May 1899, p. 7; English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 May 1899, p. 5.

The “Aidar’s” Master, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 146-148.

The Ballad of the Violet May, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

The Brothers, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 114-118.

The Foreman King, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 74-78.

The “Gneisenau”, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 142.

The Harvest of Courage. A Ballad of the Boston Deeps—August, 1895, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 53-56.

The Loss of the “Serpent”, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 70-73.

The “Lusitania”, May 7^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 218.

The Mate of the “Norham Castle”, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 94-98.

The Music of Hope: In Memory of the Bandsmen of the Titanic, London Daily News, 27 April 1912, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1912.

The Sorrow of the Northern Sea, September 22^nd, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 82.

The “Vindictive’s” Grave, Ostend, May 9-10, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

The Wreck of the “Ocean Queen”. To the Heroes of Colwyn Bay—Nov. 7, 1890, MacMillan’s Magazine, 63 (January 1891), pp. 189-91; Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 103-109.

‘There is glory now by Anker stream’, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 4 May 1904, p. 7; Tamworth Herald, 7 May 1904, p. 8; Northampton Mercury, 13 May 1904, p. 6. [Harry West]

To the Memory of Our Gallant Seamen Who Perished in the Battle of Horn Reef, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 - view full text).

To the Men of H.M.S. “Hawke”, October 17^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 112.

Tried in the Fire, the Stewardess of the Iona, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 99-102.

“Well done, ‘Calliope’!”, Atalanta, 6 (November 1892), pp. 130-131; Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 57-63.

 

Seacote Hotel

Sea-Cote, Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 104.

 

Seagulls

In a Gullery, Nature Notes, 9 (June 1898), p. 109.

Music of Two Worlds, Saint Bees Head, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 108.

Sea-Gulls at Saint Bees, Carlisle Journal, 25 March 1887, p. 6; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 105.

 

Seals

The Dead Seal Children, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Seamen

Plymouth Harbour – Sunday, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 16.

 

Seas and Oceans

Deep-Sea Calm, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 21.

Ocean, the Captive, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 4.

Sea Sympathy, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 206.

The Gladness of the Sea, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 110.

The Seasonless Ocean, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 63.

The Sorrow of the Sea, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 163.

 

Seascale

At Seascale, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 90.

Rock Ruins at Seascale, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 94.

Seascale Memories, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1884; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 96.

The Children’s Day at Seascale. Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1908.

The Druid Stone Near Millbeck, Seascale, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 88.

The Light-Ship, Seen from Seascale, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 87.

The Old Wreck at Seascale, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 115; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 92.

 

Sedding, John Dando

J. D. Sedding, In Holy Trinity Church, Sloane Street, 1891, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 141.

 

Seeley, E. P.

E. P. Seeley, Died in the Lebanon, Engaged in Mission Work, October 25^th, 1881, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 123.

 

Seithenyn

The Buried City of Cardigan Bay, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 74.

 

Selous, Frederick Courteney

Capt. F. C. Selous D.S.O., (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

 

September

A September Day—Latrigg, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1912.

September, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

September at the Lakes, in the Vale of St. John, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 53.

 

Seqenenre Tao

An Old-World Hero, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 51.

 

Sesostris

The Mummy of Sesostris, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 50.

 

Sexton, Joseph

A Song of Life, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1897.

At the Old Sexton’s Grave, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 12 January 1901, p. 5.

 

Shairp, John Campbell

In Memoriam Principal Shairp, September 1885, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 115; Valete: Tennyson and Other Poems, 1893, p. 75.

On Reading, After His Death, Principal Shairp’s Last Public Lecture on Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 116.

 

Shakespeare, William

St. George’s Day, April 23^rd, 1900, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 4.

William Shakespeare, April 23, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

 

Sheffield

St. George’s Day, 1904, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 54.

 

Shepherds

Joseph Hawell, February 20^th, 1891, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, April 1891; English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 28 March 1891, p. 5; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 139.

The Fell Shepherd’s Death, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1890.

 

Shiplake

Ode to Shiplake (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/3).

 

Ships, Steamers and Boats see also Heroes – In Sea and Water; Ship and River Tragedies

A Farewell to the “Sunbeam”, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 22.

A Launch from the Furness Docks, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 79.

A Nile Boat-Load, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 86-87.

Going to Assiout, A Nile Boatman’s Song, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 96.

Homeward Bound. Midsummer, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 100.

Launch of the Japanese Battleship “Katori” by Princess Arisugawa, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 74.

Loss of H.M.S. Victoria, Off Tripoli, June 22^nd, 1893, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 28-34.

Nile Boats, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 69-70.

On Seeing Two Vessels (Cutter-Rigged) Pass One Another at Avonmouth, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, pp. 102-103.

Outward Bound, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 99.

Sea Coal, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 210.

The Demerara’s Figure-Head. The Giant Savage Opposite the Stone Bridge, Quay Head, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 92.

The Lake Steamer in Autumn, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 47.

The Miguel D’Aquenda: Weymouth, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 15.

The Old Wreck at Seascale, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 115; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 92.

The Winter Steam-Boat, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 60.

 

Shooting

Pigeon Shooting at Ambleside, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 52.

War Notes in Rydal Vale, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 74.

 

Simpson, Eleanor Foster see Rawnsley, Eleanor Foster

 

Singers and Singing see Music

 

Singh, Ganga

In Praise of Havildar Ganga Singh, V.C., European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 107-108.

 

Singh, Gobind

In Honour of Jemadar Lieutenant Singh V.C., (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

 

Singh, Pertab (Sir)

The Rajput’s Desire, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated – view full text).

 

Sister Julie (née Amélie Rigard)

Sister Julie, Gerbévillier, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 105.

 

Sister Rose Gertrude (née Amy Fowler)

Sister Rose Gertrude, Poems, Ballads, Bucolics, 1890, pp. 39-45.

To Sister Rose Gertrude, Pall Mall Gazette, 3 February 1890, p. 2; English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 15 February, 1890, p. 4.

 

Skating

Skating on Derwentwater, Carlisle Journal, 7 March 1902, p. 6; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 55.

 

Skegness

New Skegness, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 214.

Old Skegness Church, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 213.

Skegness House, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 211.

 

Skelton

At Skelton Old Church, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 140.

Skelton, the Birthplace of Robert Bruce’s Ancestors. A Dream of Robert the Bruce, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 138.

The Bells of Skelton New Church Tower, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 139.

 

Slack, Anne Ainsworth

In Memory of A. A. Slack, Derwent Hill, Oct. 24^th, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1904.

 

Slack, Robert

In Memoriam: Robert Slack, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1893.

 

Smith, Alfred Victor (Second Lieutenant)

‘When this wild storm of war is overblown’, Burnley News, 22 March 1916, p. 6.

 

Smith, Donald Alexander, 1^st Baron Strathcona

In Memory of Lord Strathcona, Carlisle Journal, 30 January 1914, p. 8.

 

Smuts, Jan

The Speech of General Smuts, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

 

Snails

To a Snail, I, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

To a Snail, II, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text)..

 

Snow

An April Snowstorm, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 83.

Early Snow, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 33.

The Snow Miracle, A Legend of Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 101.

 

Snowdrops

Snowdrops by Esthwaite Lake, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, 81.

 

So Songolo

So Songolo: The Crosthwaite Boy on Lake Nyasa, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, December 1886.

 

Soglio (Switzerland)

Morning at Soglio, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 78.

The Witness of the Flowers, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 79.

 

Somersby (Lincolnshire)

Somersby, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 15.

 

Somerset, Elizabeth

Monument at Duchess’ Woods, on the Anniversary of Lady Elizabeth’s Death, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 59.

 

Spain

Hymn for the Tercentenary of the Spanish Armada, Christian World Pulpit, 34 (23 July 1888), pp. 63-64; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1888.

 

Spencer, Herbert

Herbert Spencer, Obiit Dec. 7, 1903, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 47.

 

Spencer-Bell. James Frederick S.

In Memoriam: September 9, 1886, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1886; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 127. [James Spencer-Bell]

 

Spiders

The Spider’s Message, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1908; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 78.

 

Spilsby (Lincolnshire)

To Sir John Franklin, (By His Statue in the Spilsby Market-Place, At Night), Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 219.

 

Spinning

St. Kentigern’s Spinners Song, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 25 January 1890, p. 4; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1890.

 

Splugen Pass (Switzerland)

My Friend and I, the Splugen Pass, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 81.

Over the Splugen, the Navvy’s Cross, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 80.

 

Sports

Grasmere Sports, Old Style, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 25.

On the Links, Saint Andrews, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 118.

 

Spring

A Late Spring, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1907.

A Spring Song at the Lakes, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1898; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 38.

East Wind in Spring, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 44.

Home, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 119.

In a Vicarage Garden, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, June 1908.

Scene from Skittim Hill, Henbury. In Spring, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 121.

Spring Days, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 93.

Spring the Beloved, Spectator, 64 (3 May 1890), p. 624; Living Age, 187 (25 October 1890), p. 706.

Springtime and War, Carlisle Journal, 6 April 1915, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 186-187.

The Coming of Spring, Carlisle Journal, 7 March 1916, p. 6; Penrith Observer, 7 March 1916, p. 6.

The Power of Spring; or, On St. Vincent’s Rocks, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 75.

The Return of Spring, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 169-170.

The Seasons, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 33-35.

The Thrush in Spring, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 26.

The Two Springs, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 175-176.

The Two Springs, Carlisle Journal, 30 April 1918, p. 2.

Upper Falls, Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 53.

When Spring and the Throstle Come Back from the Sea, Nature Notes, 6 (April 1895), p. 66.

 

Spruces

The Twin Spruces at Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 67.

 

Spurgeon, Charles

Spurgeon, February 4^th, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 91.

The Warrior’s Funeral Hymn: In Memoriam Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Christian World Pulpit, 41 (17 February 1892), p. 99.

 

Squirrels

The Squirrel, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 36.

 

St Bees

A Doubtful May. Tomline Head, Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 107.

Archbishop Grindal, Founder of Saint Bees Grammar School 1587, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 98.

Beowulf’s Stone, Saint Bees. Mammon Worship Rebuked, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 100.

Music of Two Worlds, Saint Bees Head, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 108.

Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 103.

Sea-Cote, Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 104.

Sea-Gulls at Saint Bees, Carlisle Journal, 25 March 1887, p. 6; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 105.

The Forester’s Tomb, Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 102.

The Lark on Tomline Head, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 106.

The Legend of St. Bees, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 155-167.

The Snow Miracle, A Legend of Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 101.

Tomb of Thomas de Cottingham, Obiit 1300, Saint Bees, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 99.

 

Staithes

At Staithes, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 149.

Captain Cook: Boyhood at Staithes, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1877, p. 148.

Staithes Beck, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 150.

 

Stanger, Mary

Mary Stanger, Fieldside, Keswick, February 5^th, 1890, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, March 1890; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 133.

‘When death in gentlest accent calls’, Westmorland Gazette, 22 February 1890, p. 8; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1890. [Mary Stanger]

 

Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (Dean)

Dean Stanley, Buried in Westminster Abbey, July 27^th, 1881, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 72.

Dean Stanley, His Work, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

Dean Stanley, July 18^th, 1881, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 71.

The Stanley Monument in Rugby Chapel, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 73.

 

Stanley, Augusta Elizabeth (Lady)

Lady Augusta Stanley: Wife of the Dean of Westminster, Buried in Henry VII’s Chapel, 9 March, 1876, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Stanley, Henry Morton (Sir)

A Welcome to Stanley, A Welcome to Stanley, Muray’s Magazine, 7 (June 1890), pp. 734-741; Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 20-33.

To H. M. Stanley, Pall Mall Gazette, 26 April 1890, p. 2.

To H. M. Stanley and Miss D. Tennant, Pall Mall Gazette, 12 July 1890, p. 4.

 

Stans (Switzerland)

Arnold von Winkelried, at Stanz, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 34.

At Stanz, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 33.

 

Starlings

Doll and the Starling: A Morning Call, Nature Notes, 9 (November 1898), p. 203.

My Friend the Starling, Nature Notes, 5 (May 1894), p. 89.

The Starling, Nature Notes, 1 (May 1890), p. 72.

 

Steevens, George Warrington

Balliol to George Steevens, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition 1902, pp. 143-145.

 

Stephenson, William Thompson

In Honour of William Thompson Stephenson, West Cumberland Times, 26 December 1896, p. 4.

 

Sterling, Antoinette

A Song of Life, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1897.

 

Stock Ghyll

Stock Ghyll, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 39.

Stock Ghyll After a Thaw, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 90.

Stock Ghyll Barred. A Protest, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 17.

 

Stoke Park, Bristol

Monument at Duchess’ Woods, on the Anniversary of Lady Elizabeth’s Death, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 59.

 

Stokesleigh Iron Age Camp

Bower-Wall and Stokesleigh Camps, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 72.

 

Stone Arthur

Stone Arthur, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 104.

 

Storey, Gerald

Hymn: In Memory of Walter Cartmel and Gerald Storey, Who Perished in Derwentwater, February 3^rd, 1907, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, March 1907.

 

Storms see Rain

 

Storrs (Lake District)

The Laurels at Storrs, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 94.

 

Strawberries

On Finding the Wild Strawberry in Nightingale Valley, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 70.

 

Strikes

A Voice in the Silence: Armistice Day, 1919, Carlisle Journal, 18 November 1919, p. 4.

Birds and the Coal Strike, 1912, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, April 1912.

Christ and the Coal Strike, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

The Voice of the Striker, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

The Way of Freedom, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 24 August 1911, p. 6; Wigton Advertise, 26 August 1911, p. 5.

To the Men on Strike, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 182.

To the Strikers, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 181.

 

Sugar

Revival of the Sugar Trade, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, pp. 94-95.

 

Summer

The Seasons, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 33-35.

 

Sun

Dandelions and Daisies on the Downs; or, Jealousy, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 77.

The Day of Intercession, Prayer and the Sun’s Eclipse, August 21^st, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 54.

 

Sunday Closing

‘We ask for those unresting thousands, rest’, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1894.

 

Sunrise see Morning

 

Sunset

A Sunset at Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 170.

Lights on Whitby Church Stairs, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 178.

Saint Hilda’s Lights, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 179.

Sunset and the Westmorland Emigrant, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 46.

Sunset at Abbot’s Leigh, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 67.

Sunset Lights on the Windows of Saint Mary’s Church, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 180.

The Cottage Window at Sunset, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 117.

The Death of Olaf the Dane – Sunset Beyond the Isle of Man, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 85.

The First Call to Prayer (In the Citadel Courtyard, Cairo, at Sunset), Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 2-4.

 

Superstitions

Lincolnshire Witches, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 130-135.

The Evil Eye, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 70-73.

 

Swallows

The First Swallow, Nature Notes, 3 (May 1892), p. 92; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1892; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 44.

The First Swallow, Seen, April 10, on the Banks of the Frome, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 87.

 

Swans

The White Swan at Well, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text.)

 

Swinburne, Algernon Charles

Algernon Charles Swinburne, 10^th April, 1909, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1909; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 87.

 

Switzerland

Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy (1899) contains over one hundred sonnets on Switzerland, its people, mountains, lakes and villages. A complete list of the title of each sonnet can be viewed in the section on ‘Books by HDR’ in the Heading on this web site titled ‘Bibliography – HDR Publications’. Each individual sonnet will also have one or more entries in this Subject Index. Other poems on Switzerland are:

Switzerland, Farewell!, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 162.

Switzerland the Good Samaritan, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 188.

The Sea-Wall; After Returning from Switzerland, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 80.

 

Sycamores

Sycamore at High Close, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 80.

Sycamore at High Close, 27^th August, 1908, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 118.

Sycamore Tree, Ambleside, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 5.

 

Talbot, Francis

At a Sowers Grave – Tyn y Ffynon – May 1897, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Talbot, George Quartus Pine

The Painter’s Home-Going, In Memoriam G. Q. P. Talbot, Obiit May 28^th, 1885, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 124.

 

Tarentum

Sea Liberty. Suggested by a Coin of Old Tarentum, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 3.

 

Tarns

Blelham Tarn, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 24.

Loughrigg Tarn, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 11.

The Tarn in Autumn, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 41.

 

Telephone

America to England, Greeting, Westminster Gazette, 26 January 1903, p. 2; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 43.

 

Tell, William

At Bürglen, to the Memory of William Tell, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 28.

 

Temple, Frederick (Archbishop)

Archbishop Temple, A Sonnet Chronicle. 1906, p. 38.

 

Tennant, Dorothy

To H. M. Stanley and Miss D. Tennant, Pall Mall Gazette, 12 July 1890, p. 4.

 

Tennyson, Alfred

A Farewell to the “Sunbeam”, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 22.

A Story from the “Arabian Nights”, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 21.

After the Epilogue to the Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 9.; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 24.

At Mablethorpe: An Episode in the Publication of the “Poems by Two Brothers,” Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 218; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 34.

At the Unveiling of the Tennyson Statue, Lincoln, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 75.

Christmas Without the Laureate, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 32.

Death and Fame, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 25.

Dedicatory, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893.

Farringford, Isle of Wight, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 7; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 17.

Hymn in Memory of Lord Tennyson, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1892.

“I Have Opened the Book.” At Aldworth, October 5^th, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 26.

In Memory of the Tennyson Centenary. At Somersby, August 5^th, 1809, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1909.

Leaving Aldworth, October 11^th, 1892, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 152 ((November 1892), p. 768; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 30.

Old Clevedon Churchyard, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 141.

On Hearing Lord Tennyson Read His Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 8; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 23.

On Leaving Farringford, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 12.; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 18.

Somersby, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 15.

Tennyson at Clevedon, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 142; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 55; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 16.

Tennyson. Obiit, Aldworth, October 6^th, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, pp. 3-14.

Tennyson’s Home-Going, October 11^th, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 29.

The Laureate Dead, October 6^th, 1892, Academy, (November 1892); Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1892; Living Age, 195 (17 December 1892), p. 706; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 28.

The Poet’s Death-Chamber, October 6^th, 1892, Dial, 15 (1 November 1893), p. 267; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 28.

The Poet’s ‘Lilian.’ In Memory of S. E., Shawell, October 14^th, 1889, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 132.

The Two Poets, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 31.

To Alfred Lord Tennyson, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 6; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 19.

To Lord Tennyson, On His 80^th Birthday, August 6^th, 1889, Macmillan’s Magazine, 60 (August 1889), p. 293; St. James’s Gazette, 6 August 1889, p. 12; Westmoreland Gazette, 17 August 1889, p. 3; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1889; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 20.

 

Tennyson, Elizabeth (Alfred Tennyson’s Mother)

To a Portrait of the Mother of the Poets, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 35.

 

Tennyson, Emily (Alfred Tennyson’s Wife)

In Memoriam: Lady Tennyson, Academy, 50 (22 August 1896), p. 130; Cornishman, 27 August 1896, p. 4; Living Age, 210 (26 September 1896), p. 770.

 

Tennyson, Harold Courtenay (Alfred Tennyson’s Grandson)

In Memoriam: Acting-Lieutenant Courtenay Tennyson, Carlisle Journal, 4 February 1916, p. 8.

 

Terra Nova Expedition

To the Heroes of the Terra Nova, London Daily News, 12 February 1913, p. 6.

 

Tewdrig

Death; or, The Lennox Spring, Between Moss Cottage and Tintern, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, pp. 128-129.

 

Thebes

How the Colossi Came to Thebes, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 126-129.

 

Thi

At the Tomb of Thi, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 56-60.

 

Thirlmere

Thirlmere: Loss and Gain, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 October 1894, p. 5; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1894.

To Sir John Harwood, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 October 1894, p. 5.

To the Promoters and Builders of the Thirlmere Waterworks, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 October 1894, p. 5.

To the Workmen, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 October 1894, p. 5.

 

Thomson, Basil

A Hero’s Crown, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 206-207.

 

Thomson, William (Archbishop)

Archbishop Thomson, Christmas Day 1890, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 83.

 

Thothmes IV

The Dream of Thothmes IV, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 33-38.

 

Thring, Edward

A Funeral Hymn, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 104.

Edward Thring, Headmaster of Uppingham, 1853-1887, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 98-99; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 79.

Edward Thring: In Memoriam, Academy, October 29, 1887; Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 98.

Edward Thring: In Memoriam, Spectator, 60 (5 November 1887), p. 1488; Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 97.

Edward Thring, October 22^nd, 1887, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 98; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 80.

Funeral Hymn. Sung in the School Chapel at the Burial Service, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 105.

Schola Uppinghamiensis, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 112.

The Headmaster’s Chair, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 102.

The Headmaster’s Free Morning, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 99-100.

The Headmaster’s Funeral, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 106-108.

The Headmaster’s Grave, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 102-103.

The Headmaster’s Monument, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 103-104.

The Headmaster’s Study, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 100-101.

The School Chapel, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 101.

 

Thring, Sarah

The Gate of Rest, To the Memory of Mrs. Sarah Thring and Her Son, Theodore, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 144.

 

Thring, Theodore

The Gate of Rest, To the Memory of Mrs. Sarah Thring and Her Son, Theodore, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 144.

 

Thrushes

A Thrush in Spring, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 64.

The Angel in the Lilac-Bush, Nature Notes, 12 (August 1901), p. 147; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 73.

The Mavis and the Merle, Nature Notes, 1 (April 1890), p. 49; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 66.

The Missel Thrush and Irish Yew, Nature Notes, XIV (May 1903), p. 87.

The Patriot Thrush, May 31^st, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

The Thrush in Spring, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 26.

The Thrush’s Funeral, Nature Notes, 19 (August 1908), p. 141.

The Thrush’s Word, Nature Notes, 23 (April 1912), p. 71.

The Wengen Thrush, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 99.

To a Thrush, Heard on Clifton Down in a January Mist, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 74; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 53.

To a Thrush on a Mid-March Morning, Nature Notes, 17 (April 1906), p. 61.

When Spring and the Throstle Come Back from the Sea, Nature Notes, 6 (April 1895), p. 66.

 

Thun (Switzerland)

At the Castle, Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 130.

At the Church Gate, Oberhofen, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 124.

At the Minnesinger’s Seat Above Chartreuse, Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 128.

At the Rabenfluh, Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 132.

At the Schwabis, Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 133.

Down the Lake to Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 123.

In the Baumgarten at Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 125.

In Thun Churchyard, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 129.

On Finding a Swift in the Castle Prison at Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 131.

On the Inscription Over the Doorway of the Old Schloss at the Baumgarten, Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 127.

The Golden Star of Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 134.

 

Time

The Lost Half-Hour, Lugano, Midnight, May 31, 1894, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 71.

 

Tintern Abbey

Middle Age; or, At Tintern Abbey, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 125.

Old Age Coming On; or, At Tintern Abbey, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, pp. 126-127.

Tintern Abbey, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 134.

 

Titanic

The Music of Hope: In Memory of the Bandsmen of the Titanic, London Daily News, 27 April 1912, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1912.

 

Titlis (Switzerland)

Beneath Titlis, Engelberg, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 41.

 

Tod, W. (Sergeant)

An Estcourt Hero, South Wales Echo, 21 November 1899, p. 2; Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 32.

 

Togo (Admiral)

The Battle of Tsu-shima, May 27-28, 1905, Millom Gazette, 12 April 1906, p. 5.

To Admiral Togo, Tsushima, May, 27-28, 1905, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, July 1905; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 73.

 

Tolmie, Robert

Brave Pit Lads of Penicuick, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 202-205.

 

Tolzey Court, Bristol

One of the Tolzey Tables, Corn Street, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, pp. 90-91.

 

Tombs see Churchyards

 

Tourists

A Fear for Leysin, the Building of the Casino, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 153.

Holiday Makers on Good Friday, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 78.

Nature’s Music Dishonoured. Lake Trippers, and the Steamer Band, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, 66.

New Skegness, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 214.

 

Towse, Ernest Beachcroft

Light in the Darkness: In Honour of Captain E. B. Towse, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 174-177.

 

Trafalgar

In Trafalgar Square, October 21, 1905, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 81.

Nelson’s Last Prayer, October 21, 1805, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1905; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 82.

Trafalgar Day, October 21, 1905, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 21 October 1905, p. 8.

 

Trains see Railway Accidents; Railways

 

Trees

A February Song, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 36-37.

A Tree Planted by William Wordsworth at Wray Castle, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 51.

Alas for the Yews of Borrowdale, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

Ashton Clump and Lansdown, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 61.

At Hengwrt: The Guardian Cypress Trees, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

At the Three Linden, Lucerne, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 10.

‘Blind was the storm, from wild Atlantic brought’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 21 June 1884, p. 5.

‘Children, when you plant your tree’, Manchester Evening News, 18 March 1915, p. 6.

‘Ill could we spare the Tree St. Patrick knew’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 21 June 1884, p. 5.

In a Pinewood, at the Gutsch, Lucerne, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 3.

Knotted Elm, at Abbot’s Leigh, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 65.

On Noticing that the Only Lime Tree not in Bud, at College Green, Fronted the Cathedral Porch, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 14.

Poplars at the Friends’ Meeting House, Colthouse, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 101.

Sycamore at High Close, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 80.

Sycamore at High Close, 27^th August, 1908, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 118.

Sycamore Tree, Ambleside, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 5.

The Haunted Oak of Nannau, Pall Mall Magazine, 3 (July 1894), pp. 353-361.

The Larch, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 14.

The Laurels at Storrs, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 94.

The Marriage of the Palms, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 75-76.

The Twin Spruces at Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 67.

 

Trevalga Head (Cornwall)

The Cairns, Trevalga Head, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 44.

 

Tulloch, John

In Memoriam Principal Tulloch, February 1886, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 117; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 78.

 

Tuberculosis

Blencathra Sanatorium: The Cry of the Poor Consumptives, Carlisle Journal, 1 May 1903, p. 5; Dundee Evening Telegraph, 19 October 1903, p. 3.

‘Not to make smooth the pathway to the grave’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 4 March 1899, p. 5; Penrith Observer, 7 March 1899, p. 7.

 

Turkey

A Voice from Santa Sophia, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1912.

An Incident of the Adana Massacre. The Martyrs of Missis, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1909.

At Arabkir, The Darkened West: An Appeal to England for Armenia, 1896, pp. 34-25.

In the Burning Church at Oorfah, The Darkened West: An Appeal to England for Armenia, 1896, pp. 36-37.

Schacke, the Brave, Daily Gazette for Middlesborough, 12 September 1896, p. 3; The Darkened West: An Appeal to England for Armenia, 1896, p. 44.

Such As Sit in Darkness and in the Shadow of Death, Daily Gazette for Middlesborough, 12 September 1896, p. 3; The Darkened West: An Appeal to England for Armenia, 1896, p. 19.

The Parable of Aboukaiatyan: The Martyred Pastor of Oorfah, The Darkened West: An Appeal to England for Armenia, 1896, p. 40.

The Turk of West and East, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 138.

The Two Angels, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, December 1912.

Tried in the Fire, The Darkened West: An Appeal to England for Armenia, 1896, pp. 38-39.

 

Turnbull, Derwent Christopher

A Brave Doctor. In Honour of Dr. D. C. Turnbull, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 31 March 1915, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 184-185.

 

Turner, Charles Tennyson

Anniversary of Charles Tennyson Turner’s Death, 25^th April, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 2.

At Mablethorpe: An Episode in the Publication of the “Poems by Two Brothers,” Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 218; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 34.

Barmouth Bridge, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 69.

In Memoriam: Charles Tennyson Turner, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 1; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 33.

 

Turner, Scott (Major)

At the Grave of Major Scott Turner, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 42-43.

 

Tyndale, William

Drakestone Edge, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, pp. 136-137.

Tyndale’s Pillar, at Nibley Knoll, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 135.

 

Ulverston

The Tower on the Hoad, Ulverston, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 116; Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 78.

 

Unwin, Edward

Commander Edward Unwin, R.N., V.C., H.M.S. River Clyde, The Dardanelles, April 25, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

 

Unwin, William

At William Unwin’s Grave, Crosthwaite, Jan. 11^th, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 January 1900, p. 4.

 

Uppingham School

Adhuc Discipuli, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 111.

Amico P. D., Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 116.

Conditoribus Nostris, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 112-113.

Domino Imperatori, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 114-115.

His Testibus, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 113.

Magistris Defensoribus, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 115.

Regredientibus, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 117.

Schola Uppinghamiensis, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 112.

Spes Nostra, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, pp. 116-117.

Tempora Mutantur, Edward Thring, Teacher and Poet, 1889, p. 114.

The Mother of Her People, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 21.

 

Urquhart, Beauchamp Colclough (Captain)

“On, Lads, On!”, London Daily News, 14 April 1898, p. 2.

 

Hits: 1237

The Subject Index covers all the poems published by HDR in his poetry books as well as the many individual poems found in newspapers, journals and the Crosthwaite Parish Magazine. It also includes numerous unpublished poems from the Rawnsley Archives.

 

Varallo (Italy)

The Monte Sacro at Varallo, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 63.

 

Varese (Italy)

At the Chapel of the Annunciation, Sacro Monte, Varese, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 72.

Evening at Sacro Monte, Varese, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 73.

 

Venizelos, E. K.

To Venizelos, Carlisle Journal, 13 October 1916, p. 8.

 

Venus

Jupiter and Venus, March, 1905, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, April 1905; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 69; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 107.

 

Vernede, Robert Ernest

In Memoriam. Robert Ernest Vernede, Rifle Brigade, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

 

Victor, Albert (Prince, Duke of Clarence)

The Crown of Thorns, St. George’s Chapel, Windsor, January 20^th, 1892, Pall Mall Gazette, Literary Supplement, 28 January 1892; Reading Mercury, 30 January 1892, p. 2; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, March 1892; Valete: Tennyson and Other Poems, 1893, p. 50.

The Dead Prince, Jan. 14, 1892, Pall Mall Gazette, 15 January 1892, p. 1; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1892; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 49.

 

Victor, Christian (Prince)

At a Soldier-Prince’s Funeral, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 200-201.

 

Victoria, Princess Royal

A Brave Empress, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 43.

 

Victoria, Queen

1887, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, January 1887.

A Jubilee Hymn, Scottish Church, April 1887;  English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 9 April 1887, p. 5; Christian World Pulpit, 31 (25 May 1887), p. 335.

Across the Flood, Penrith Observer, 5 February 1901, p. 7; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 15.

Children’s Jubilee Hymn, Christian World Pulpit, 31 (8 June 1887), p. 367.

Hymn for the Advent of the Jubilee Year of Queen Victoria, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, July 1886.

Hymn in Grateful and Loyal Memory of Her Most Gracious Majesty, The Queen – Hymn 1, (Carlisle Archives, PR/120/125).

Hymn in Grateful and Loyal Memory of Her Most Gracious Majesty, The Queen – Hymn 2, (Carlisle Archives, PR/120/125).

In Memoriam, V.R.I., Lancashire Evening Post, 24 January 1901, p. 4.

In Memoriam: V.R.I., A Voice From the Colonies, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

In Memory of September 23, 1896, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1896.

Jubilee Bonfires—Prospect, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1887.

Jubilee Bonfires—Retrospect, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1887.

Love in Death, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 13.

‘Now let the stars from heaven to earth be shed’, West Cumberland Times, 19 June 1897, p. 6.

Ode of Congratulation to Her Most Glorious Majesty Queen Victoria on Her Diamond Jubilee from the Women of England, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

The Harvest of Love, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 16.

The Jubilee—A Retrospect, Aberdeen Press and Journal, 16 April 1887, p. 8; Pall Mall Gazette, April 1887; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, June 1887.

The Mother of Her People, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 21.

The Passing of the Queen, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 11.

The Queen at Netley, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 131.

The Queen to Lady Roberts, With the Victoria Cross, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 78.

The Queen’s Memorial. Plea for a National Valhalla, Lowestoft Journal, 9 March 1901, p. 8.

The Royal Buck-Hounds: A Deputation to Windsor, Nature Notes, 8 (January 1897), p. 11.

The Sorrow of the Fleet, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 14.

The Way of Peace, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 18.

To a Dumb Mourner, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 12.

To the Queen, Ballads of the War, 1902, pp. 218-219.

To Victoria: A Birthday Greeting, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, June 1899.

 

Vikings

The Death of Olaf the Dane – Sunset Beyond the Isle of Man, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 85.

 

Villars (Switzerland)

The Morning Play at Villars, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 158.

 

Von Dollinger, Johann Josef

Dr. Dollinger, January 10^th, 1890, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 113.

 

Von Moltke, Helmuth the Elder

Field Marshall von Moltke, April 24^th, 1891, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 65.

 

Von Strattlingen, Heinrich

The Tombstone of Heinrich von Strattlingen, the Bard, in the Bächihölzi, Thun, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 126.

 

Von Winkelried

Arnold von Winkelried, at Stanz, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 34.

At Stanz, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 33.

 

Wada, Duke

The Giant of Mulgrave Dale, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 156.

 

Wagtails

The Wagtail, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 55.

 

Wainfleet, William

William of Wainfleet, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 215.

 

Wakefield, Mary Augusta

The Northern Nightingale. On Hearing a Ballad Sung in the North Country Dialect by Miss Wakefield, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 109.

To Mary Wakefield, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 20.

 

Wales

A Retrospect from Mawddach Crag, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 68.

At Barmouth, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 64.

Barmouth Bridge, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 69.

Barmouth Shore, a Walk to Llanaber, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 67.

Bronwyn the Fair, Harlech, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 73.

Cottages of St. George, Barmouth, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 70.

Harlech, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 72.

Low Tide in the Estuary, Barmouth, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 66.

The Abermaw, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 65.

The Buried City of Cardigan Bay, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 74.

The Haunted Oak of Nannau, Pall Mall Magazine, 3 (July 1894), pp. 353-361.

The Seasonless Ocean, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 63.

The Torrent Walk, Dolgelly, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 71.

 

Walker, Henry

To My Friends, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Walker, On Their Diamond Wedding Day, June 7^th, 1909, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, July 1909.

 

Walker, Mary

‘Humble of heart, and unto all a friend’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 22 October 1892, p. 5.

Hymn in Memory of Mary Walker, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1892.

 

Walker, Robert

Conscience the Founder, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1912.

 

Walker, William

A Cumberland Miner’s Story, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 78-82.

 

Walls, Minnie

Minnie: Died 25 July 1877, Buried at Welton, , 31 July, Aged 19 Years, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Walton, Miss

‘I am the mistress of the post’, Manchester Times, 30 March 1900, p. 14.; Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 165.

 

Wansfell

Moon-Rise Over Wansfell, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 92.

 

War see Boer War; Conflicts and Battles; War Heroes; World War 1

 

War Heroes (Pre-WW1)

A Crosthwaite Hero in Matabele Land, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 25-27.

A Gallant Midshipman, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 36-38.

A Hero of Belmont, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 2 December 1899, p. 5; Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 33-34.

A Hero of Spion Kop, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 108-112.

An Estcourt Hero, South Wales Echo, 21 November 1899, p. 2; Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 32.

At Caesar’s Camp, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 93.

At the Burial of General Wauchope, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 52-56.

At the Grave of Major Scott Turner, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 42-43.

Bible v. Bullet, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 39-40.

Brave Beresford, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 17-19.

Captain Baird, In Memoriam, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 23-24.

Carbineers to the Rescue, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 47-50.

Commander Wyatt Rawson, September 13^th, 1882, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 55.

Edith Cavell. Oct. 13^th, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

Fletcher’s Fight, a Ballad of Nyasa Land, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 131-134.

General Gordon, January 26^th, 1885, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 56.

Harley’s Eight, A Ballad of Chitral—April 16, 1895, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 127-130.

Heroes of Chitral, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 20-22.

Hosan the Faithful, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 140-142.

How They Saved the Wagon Bridge at Bethulie, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 161-164.

In a Battery, Captain Peel, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 4-9.

In Honour of Abraham Esau, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 7.

In Honour of Frederick Greville Egerton, Gunnery-Lieutenant, H.M.S. “Powerful”, Ladysmith, November 2, 1899, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 22-25.

In Memory of Flight-Lieutenant R. A. J. Warneford, V.C., Legion of Honour, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

In Memory of John Travers Cornwell. First Class Boy of H.M.S. ‘Chester’, The Battle of Jutland, May 31, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

In Memory of Lieutenant Cecil Arbuthnot White, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 86-90.

In Memory of the Late Earl of Ava, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 85.

Jacob’s Well. An Incident in the Skirmish of Doornkop, Transvaal, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 138-139.

Light in the Darkness: In Honour of Captain E. B. Towse, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 174-177.

Michael Hardy, Before the Redan—June 18, 1854, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 1-3.

“On, Lads, On!”, London Daily News, 14 April 1898, p. 2.

The Drummer Boy of the Malakand Pass, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 124-126.

The Hero-Corporal of Ontario, Thiepval, Sept, 30, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

The Warriors’ Death-Song, Wilson’s Last Stand, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 13-16.

To Major E. J. Phipps-Hornby, V.C., of Battery “Q”, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 168-169.

To the Hero of Kimberley, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 122-125.

To Winston Churchill, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 28-31.

 

War Heroes (WW1)

A Brave Doctor. In Honour of Dr. D. C. Turnbull, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 31 March 1915, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 184-185.

A French Hero, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 126-127.

A Scottish V.C., Scotsman, 23 August 1915, p. 11; Carlisle Journal, 24 August 1915, p. 6.

Captain A. Noel Loxley, H.M.S. “Formidable”, January 1^st 1915, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 150-151.

Captain Mark Haggard, September 14^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 79.

Captain Noel Godfrey Chavasse, V.C., R.A.M.C., Died of Wounds in France, August, 1917, Liverpool Echo, 15 August 1917, p. 3.

Commander Edward Unwin, R.N., V.C., H.M.S. River Clyde, The Dardanelles, April 25, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

How George Wilson Won the Victoria Cross, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 74-77.

How Lieutenant Leach and Sergeant Hogan Won the Victoria Cross, October 28^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 191-192.

How Piper Laidlaw Won the Victoria Cross, Loos, September, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

In Face of Death, Sept. 25^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 89-90.

In Honour of Battery L, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 72-73.

In Honour of Lieutenant-Commander H. de P. Rennick, T.P.’s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War, 2 (January 1915), p. 59; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 87-88.

In Honour of Private James Miller, V.C., Lancashire Evening Post, 14 September 1916, p. 4.

In Memoriam: Captain Andrew Ferguson Chance, Carlisle Journal, 12 October 1915, p. 6.

In Memoriam: 2^nd Lieutenant G. B. F. Monk, Royal Warwicks, Near La Bassée, December 18^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 189-190.

In Memoriam. Major M. P. Buckle, D.S.O., October 27^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 116.

In Memory of Rev. T. B. Hardy V.C., DSO., MC., Chaplain to the King, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

In Praise of Havildar Ganga Singh, V.C., European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 107-108.

Khudadad Khan, V.C., European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 119-120.

Lieutenant Forshaw’s Gallant Deed, Carlisle Journal, 29 October 1915, p. 8.

Major McCudden, V.C., DSO, Mc, MM, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

Michael O’Leary and How He Won the Victoria Cross, February 1^st, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 177-179.

Rhodes-Moorhouse, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 212-214.

Take Me Home, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 204-206.

The Ballad of the Violet May, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

The Martyrdom of Father Dergent, Aerschott, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 46-47.

The “Vindictive’s” Grave, Ostend, May 9-10, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

To a German Hero, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 128.

To Captain F. C. Grenfell, 9^th Lancers, Le Cateau, August 31^st, 1914, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 10 September 1914, p. 4; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 70.

To Flight Sub-Lieutenant R. A J. Warneford V.C. June 7^th 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

To General Leman, the Defender of Liege, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 44.

To Lieutenant Holbrook and His Gallant Crew of Submarine B11, December 13^th, T.P.’s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War, 2 (13 February 1915), p. 124; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 135.

To Naik Darwan Sing Negi, V.C., 1^st Battalion 39^th Garhwalis, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 113-114.

‘When this wild storm of war is overblown’, Burnley News, 22 March 1916, p. 6.

 

Warblers

The Chiff-Chaff, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 70.

The Garden Warbler, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

The Garden-Warbler, The Parents’ Review, XXIX (July 1918), p. 504.

The Warbler’s Song, Grindelwald, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 107.

Willow-Warbler, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 22.

 

Ward, James Clifton

Geologist’s Funeral: In Memoriam J. Clifton Ward, Buried at Keswick, April 20^th, 1880, Sonnets at the English Lakes, p. 23.

 

Warkworth

Warkworth Castle Hill, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 124.

 

Warneford, Reginald Alexander John

In Memory of Flight-Lieutenant R. A. J. Warneford, V.C., Legion of Honour, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

To Flight Sub-Lieutenant R. A J. Warneford V.C. June 7^th 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

 

Warsett Brow (Yorkshire)

From Warsett Brow, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 143.

 

Water Lifting

The Sakȋyeh at the Fountain of the Sun, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 19-20.

The Shadûf-Man, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 73-74.

Water-Carriers (Hope), Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 77-78.

Water-Carriers (Joy), Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 79.

Water-Carriers (Sorrow), Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 80-81.

 

Water Lilies

The Falls of the Reichenbach, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 83.

Water-Lilies in Pullwyke Bay, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 12.

 

Waterfalls

Shooting the Cataract, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 142-144.

 

Watts, George Frederic

At the Unveiling of the Tennyson Statue, Lincoln, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 75.

Death, the Angel Friend, In Memoriam—G. F. Watts, R.A., July 1, 1904, Century, 69 (February 1905), p. 576; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 59.

Four Portraits of the Painter, at the Watts’ Exhibition, 1905, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 68.

The Altar of Fashion: A Picture by G. F. Watts, R.A., Nature Notes, 9 (May 1898), p. 81.

To G. F. Watts, R.A., On His 87^th Birthday, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 52.

To My Friends at Limnerslease: G.J. and Mrs Watts. On the Ninth Anniversary of Their Wedding-Day, Nov. 20^th 1898, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Wauchope, Andrew (Major-General)

At the Burial of General Wauchope, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 52-56.

 

Waye, John

The Falling Star. Brave John Waye, the Overman, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 40-43.

 

Wengen (Switzerland)

The Rainbow Fields of Wengen, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 100.

The Wengen Thrush, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 99.

 

West, Harry

‘There is glory now by Anker stream’, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 4 May 1904, p. 7; Tamworth Herald, 7 May 1904, p. 8; Northampton Mercury, 13 May 1904, p. 6.

 

Westcott, Brooke Foss (Bishop)

In Memory of Bishop Westcott, Northern Counties Magazine, 2 (September 1901), p. 402.

 

Westminster, 1^st Duke of see Grosvenor, Hugh Lupus

 

Westminster

The Memorial Shrine, Westminster, Sphere, 26 April 1919, p. 24.

 

Westminster Abbey

Unveiling of the Rose-Window, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 35.

 

Westmoreland

A Westmoreland Song, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 98-99.

Home Memories, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 56.

The Westmoreland Emigrant, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 100-101.

 

Whales

‘A wasted life is like a wreck that lies’, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Whitby

A Contrast: Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 167.

A Memory of Caedmon, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 168.

A Sunset at Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 170.

After the Herrings, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 173.

At Whitby Abbey, December 16^th, Carlisle Journal, 22 December 1914, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 144.

By the Esk at Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 166.

Drowned by the Upsetting of the Life-Boat, October 6, 1841. A Hero’s Grave in Whitby Churchyard, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 185.

Farewell to Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 186.

Herrings Fine!, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 174.

In the Upper Harbour, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 175.

Lights on Whitby Church Stairs, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 178.

On the Harbour Pier, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 177.

Saint Hilda, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 165.

Saint Hilda’s Lights, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 179.

Service in the Old Parish Church, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 184.

Six O’clock Bell, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 181.

Sunrise at Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 169.

Sunset Lights on the Windows of Saint Mary’s Church, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 180.

The Bell Buoy at the Harbour Mouth, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 176.

The Enchanted Castle Between Saltburn and Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 144.

The Jet Worker, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 182.

The Penny Hedge, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 187.

The Sorrow of the Sea, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 163.

The Whitby Bells, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 183.

Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 164.

Whitby Abbey, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 171.

Whitby Abbey: A Memory of the Synod 664, with its Settlement of the Easter Controversy, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 172.

 

Whitchurch, Henry Frederick

Heroes of Chitral, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 20-22.

 

White, Cecil Arbuthnot

In Memory of Lieutenant Cecil Arbuthnot White, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 86-90.

 

White, George Stuart

To General Sir George White, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 140-141.

 

White Moss, Cumbria

The Cave at White Moss, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 103.

 

Whitehead, Frank

The Mate of the “Norham Castle”, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 94-98.

 

Whitehouse, Thomas

A Lincolnshire Hero, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 135-137.

 

Whitman, Walt

Walt Whitman, March 26^th, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 105.

 

Whittier, John Greenleaf

John Greenleaf Whittier, Dial, 15 (1 November 1893), p. 267; Critic, 21 (23 June 1894), p. 422; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 106.

 

Whitworth Hall (Manchester)

Owens College Jubilee, the Opening of the Whitworth Hall, March 12, 1902, St. James’s Gazette, 12 March 1902, p. 10.

 

Wilhelm I

Emperor William I On His Ninetieth Birthday, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 40.

Mourners Absent from the Kaiser’s Funeral, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 45.

The Dying Kaiser, March 8^th, 1888, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 41.

The Kaiser at Peace, March 9^th, 1888, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 42.

To the Churches in Germany and Lovers of the Fatherland: A Funeral Hymn for the Emperor, Christian World Pulpit, 33 (21 March 1888), p. 183.

 

Wilhelm II

A Day of Kings, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

A Welcome to the Kaiser at Dunmail Riase, Penrith Observer, 20 August 1895, p. 5; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1895.

The Kaiser’s Letter to His Chancellor, Oct. 31, 1916, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 19 January 1917, p. 4.

To the Kaiser, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 17.

To the Kaiser, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 22.

 

Williams, William

The Wreck of the “Ocean Queen”. To the Heroes of Colwyn Bay—Nov. 7, 1890, MacMillan’s Magazine, 63 (January 1891), pp. 189-91; Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 103-109.

 

Williams-Freeman, Frederick Arthur Peere

In Face of Death, Sept. 25^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 89-90.

 

Wilmut, Mr.

An Incident of the Floods in Picton Street, Western Daily Press, 11 December 1894, p. 5; Mid Sussex Times, 18 December 1894, p. 2; Bognor Regis Observer, 19 December 1894, p. 7.

 

Wilson, Allan

The Warriors’ Death-Song, Wilson’s Last Stand, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 13-16.

 

Wilson, Annie

Hymn on the Death of Annie Wilson, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1896.

 

Wilson, Edward Adrian

In Memory of Dr. E. A. Wilson, Naturalist to the Scott Antarctic Expedition, March 29^th, 1912, British Review, April 1913, p. 82.

To the Heroes of the Terra Nova, British Review, April 1913, p. 80.

 

Wilson, George

How George Wilson Won the Victoria Cross, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 74-77.

 

Wilson, Harold Alfred Cobbe

A Hero of Spion Kop, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 108-112.

 

Wilson, William

In Memory of William Wilson, Keswick Hotel, 8^th Oct., 1900, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 October 1900, p. 5; Cumberland and Westmorland Herald, 13 October 1900, p. 5.

 

Wilson, Woodrow

In Memory of President Wilson’s Speech in Congress, Feb. 3^rd, 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 -view full text).

 

Winchester Cathedral

Conscience the Founder, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1912.

 

Wind

At Muncaster, After the Gale of December 11, 1883, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 84.

East Wind in Spring, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 44.

The Fohn-Wind, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 40.

The Wooing of the North Wind: Its Beginning and End, Uppingham School Magazine, June 1870, pp. 147-157.

To the West Wind, from Clifton Down, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Windermere see also Lakes; Rivers

The White Cross on Windermere, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 76.

Water-Lilies in Pullwyke Bay, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 12.

Windermere—Autumn, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 4.

 

Winter

Early Death, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 71.

Early Snow, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 33.

Resurrection, or Lake Mists on a Winter Morn, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 68.

The Seasons, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 33-35.

The Winter Steam-Boat, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 60.

Up Nab Scar, from Rydal Mount, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 75.

Winter Sunrise on the Fells, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 20.

 

Wishart, George

George Wishart, Martyred at Saint Andrews March 1, 1545, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 114.

 

Witches see Superstitions

 

Woods

In Glaisdale Wood, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 193.

 

Wordsworth, William

A Day of Kings, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

A Tree Planted by William Wordsworth at Wray Castle, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 51.

At Mablethorpe: An Episode in the Publication of the “Poems by Two Brothers,” Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 218.

At Wordsworth’s Grave, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 219.

Hawkshead from Furness Fells, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 91.

On Seeing a Telegraph Wire and Pillar-Post Below Wordsworth’s House, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 35.

St. George’s Day, April 23^rd, 1900, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1900; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 4.

Up Nab Scar, from Rydal Mount, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 75.

Wordsworth’s Seat, Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 9.

Wordsworth’s Tomb, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 62.

 

Working Men and Women see also Strikes

All for Each and Each for All, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

Blencathra Sanatorium: The Cry of the Poor Consumptives, Carlisle Journal, 1 May 1903, p. 5; Dundee Evening Telegraph, 19 October 1903, p. 3.

Games for Working Men. A Plea, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 93.

In the Fields of Mȋt-Rahȋneh, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 53.

Munition Girls, Carlisle Journal, 25 December 1917, p. 2.

Night Watchers, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 66-68.

On the Quay: the Lumper, or Corn-Runner, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 97.

Street Cries (In Cairo), Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 11-13.

The Jet Worker, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 182.

The Munition Workers, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

The Shadûf-Man, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 73-74.

The Way of Freedom, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 24 August 1911, p. 6; Wigton Advertise, 26 August 1911, p. 5.

The Workhouse Nurse, Carlisle Patriot, 3 December 1897, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, December 1897.

Water-Carriers (Hope), Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 77-78.

Wills’ Manufactory, Redcliffe Street, the Portrait Gallery of Old Servants In, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 96.

Written for the Opening of the “Victoria” Working Men’s Reading Room, Keswick, November 28^th, 1896, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, December 1896.

 

World War 1 (1914)

A Battle Call, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 23-25.

A Call to Arms, Carlisle Journal, 8 September 1914, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 30.

A Cumberland War Song, Millom Gazette, 18 September 1914, p. 7; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 52-53.

A French Hero, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 126-127.

A French Mother’s Message, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 96.

A Gallant Rescue, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 130-131.

A Hymn in Time of War, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 55.

A Marching Song, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 37-38.

A Modern Horatius, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 85-86.

A Mother’s Last Farewell, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 133.

A Nameless Hero of the Lancashire Fusiliers, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 80-81.

A Prayer for Peace, Westminster Gazette, 4 August 1914, p. 2; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 17; Songs and Sonnets for England in War-Time: Being a Collection of Lyrics by Various Authors Inspired by the Great War, 1914.

A Prayer for Recruits, Hull Daily Mail, 12 September 1914, p. 3. [Prose]

A Prisoner At Dunnabeck, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 97.

A Reverie, August 23^rd, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 57.

A Vesper Hymn, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 56.

All Saints’ Day, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 121.

An Incident in the Trenches, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 102-103.

An Invitation and a Refusal, Antwerp, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 109-110.

Antwerp, October 9^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 106.

At a Soldier’s Grave, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 134.

At the Newbolt Dinner, Lyceum Club, Feb. 23^rd, 1914, (Cumbria Archives, WDCAT3, Box 3).

At Whitby Abbey, December 16^th, Carlisle Journal, 22 December 1914, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 144.

Belgium, Times, 7 November 1914, p. 9; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 101.

Captain Mark Haggard, September 14^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 79.

Christmas Cheer for the Trenches, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 147.

Crucified Belgium, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 104.

Field-Marshall Lord Roberts, V.C. In Memoriam, November 14^th, Manchester Evening News, 17 November 1914, p. 7; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 122.

General Joffre, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 111.

God Save the King! European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 71.

‘Hark to the moaning of the Northern Sea’, Times, 26 September 1914, p. 9.

Help From the Stars, August 27^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 60.

How George Wilson Won the Victoria Cross, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 74-77.

How Lieutenant Leach and Sergeant Hogan Won the Victoria Cross, October 28^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 191-192.

In a Churchyard at Liege, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 42-43.

In Face of Death, Sept. 25^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 89-90.

In Honour of Battery L, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 72-73.

In Honour of Lieutenant-Commander H. de P. Rennick, T.P.’s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War, 2 (January 1915), p. 59; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 87-88.

In Memoriam: 2^nd Lieutenant G. B. F. Monk, Royal Warwicks, Near La Bassée, December 18^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 189-190.

In Memoriam. Major M. P. Buckle, D.S.O., October 27^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 116.

In Praise of Havildar Ganga Singh, V.C., European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 107-108.

In Praise of Submarine E4, August 27^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 63-64.

In Trafalgar Square, October 21^st, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 115.

India’s Gift, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 92.

Khudadad Khan, V.C., European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 119-120.

Life Beyond Death, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 137.

Lord Roberts, Home-going, Ascot, November 17^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 123.

Loss of H.M.S. “Bulwark”, Sheerness, November 26^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 125.

Louvain, August 25^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 50.

Love the Conqueror, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 91.

Michaelmas Day, Grasmere, September 29^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 93.

Mountain Calm and Man’s Unrest, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 36.

Mud in Flanders, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 145.

Night and Day, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 21.

Off to the War, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 48-49.

On Saint Oswald’s Day, August 5^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 34-35.

Rheims Cathedral, September 20^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 78.

Sister Julie, Gerbévillier, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 105.

St. Paul’s, November 19^th, Westminster Gazette, 19 November 1914, p. 2; Carlisle Journal, 24 November 1914, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 124.

Sunshine and War, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 31.

The Battle of the Bight, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 66-68.

The Bridge-Breakers, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 83-84.

The Chancellor’s Speech in the Reichstag, December 2^nd, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 139.

The Child and the War, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 29.

The Christmas Bells, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 146.

The Crime of Wittenberg, 1914, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1914 – view full text).

The Dawn, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1914 – view full text).

The Day of Intercession, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 54.

The German Raid, Scarborough, December 16^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 143.

The “Gneisenau”, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 142.

The Greater Love, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 140.

The Gunners’ Farewell, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 95.

The King in France, November 30^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 129.

The Lad Who Ran From Home, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 39-40.

The Landing of the Queen of the Belgians, December 2^nd, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 141.

The List of Casualties, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 65.

The Martyrdom of Father Dergent, Aerschott, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 46-47.

The Massacres in the Province of Namur, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 61.

The New Evangelists, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 26.

The Sorrow of the Northern Sea, September 22^nd, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 82.

The Turk of West and East, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 138.

To a City Bereaved, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 136.

To a German Hero, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 128.

To Captain F. C. Grenfell, 9^th Lancers, Le Cateau, August 31^st, 1914, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 10 September 1914, p. 4; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 70.

To General Leman, the Defender of Liege, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 44.

To Great Britain, English Review, 18 (November 1914), p. 403; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 19-20.

To Lieutenant Holbrook and His Gallant Crew of Submarine B11, December 13^th, T.P.’s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War, 2 (13 February 1915), p. 124; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 135.

To Lord Roberts, On His 82^nd Birthday, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 94.

To Max, Burgomaster of Brussels, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 100.

To Naik Darwan Sing Negi, V.C., 1^st Battalion 39^th Garhwalis, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 113-114.

To Sir Edward Grey, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 18.

To the 4^th Battalion Border Regiment, A Farewell, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 117.

To the 4^th Battalion Border Regiment, On Their Sailing for Burmah, October 29^th, Penrith Observer, 10 November 1914, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 118.

To the Football Player, An Appeal, Westminster Gazette, 30 November 1914, p. 2; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 132.

To the Gallant Gunners of Liege, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 41.

To the Heroes of Mons, August 23^rd, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 58-59.

To the Heroes of the Northern Sea, Westminster Gazette, 19 September 1914, p. 2; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 62.

To the Kaiser, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 22.

To the 9^th Lancers, August 31^st, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 69.

To the Men of H.M.S. “Hawke”, October 17^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 112.

To the Officer in Command at Aerschott, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 45.

War and Love, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 148-149.

What the Sergeant Said, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 98-99.

What’s In a Name?, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 51.

“Your Country Needs You—Come!”, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 27-28.

 

World War 1 (1915)

A Brave Doctor. In Honour of Dr. D. C. Turnbull, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 31 March 1915, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 184-185.

A Contrast, British Review, 9 (January 1915), p. 83; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 154.

A Lover’s Lament, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 183.

A Plea for Military Bands, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 168.

A Scottish V.C., Scotsman, 23 August 1915, p. 11; Carlisle Journal, 24 August 1915, p. 6.

After a Sermon in St. Margaret’s, Westminster, March 28^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 194.

At the Wishing-Gate, Grasmere, New Year’s Day, 1915, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 158.

At Wordsworth’s Grave, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 219.

Britain’s Call to the Colours, Carlisle Journal, 9 November 1915, p. 6.

Captain A. Noel Loxley, H.M.S. “Formidable”, January 1^st 1915, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 150-151.

‘Children, when you plant your tree’, Manchester Evening News, 18 March 1915, p. 6.

Commander Edward Unwin, R.N., V.C., H.M.S. River Clyde, The Dardanelles, April 25, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

Easter Day, 1915, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 197.

Edith Cavell. Oct. 13^th, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

General Joffre’s Farewell, T.P.’s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War, 2 (20 March 1915), p. 255.

Good Friday, 1915, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 196.

Helm Crag, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 199.

Homeward Bound. In Memory of Nowell Oxland, the Writer of the Poem “Outward Bound”, Who Fell at Suvla Bay, Aug 9, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

Honour to the Dead, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 174.

Hope for the Dawn, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 193.

How Piper Laidlaw Won the Victoria Cross, Loos, September, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

In a Harvest Field, British Review, 9 (January 1915), p. 83; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 152.

In Memoriam: Captain Andrew Ferguson Chance, Carlisle Journal, 12 October 1915, p. 6.

In Memory of Flight-Lieutenant R. A. J. Warneford, V.C., Legion of Honour, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

In Memory of 2^nd Lieutenant W. G. C. Gladstone, M.P., April 13^th, Chester Chronicle, 15 May 1915, p. 2; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 202-203.

July, Carlisle Journal, 6 July 1915, p. 6.

Lieutenant Forshaw’s Gallant Deed, Carlisle Journal, 29 October 1915, p. 8.

Love on the Battlefield, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 172-173.

Love’s Gift, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 208-210.

May Time, 1915, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 216-217.

Michael O’Leary and How He Won the Victoria Cross, February 1^st, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 177-179.

New Year, 1915, Times, 1 January 1915, p. 7; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 159.

‘Not for vainglorious boast or mock parade’, Carlisle Journal, 3 December 1915, p. 7.

Our Angel-Host of Help. In Memory of Raymond Lodge, fell in Flanders, Sept. 14^th, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

Peace on Earth, Carlisle Journal, 24 December 1915, p. 8.

Penrith Grammar School Song, Penrith Observer, 30 March 1915, p. 7.

Rhodes-Moorhouse, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 212-214.

Rupert Brooke, Lemos, April 23^rd, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 211.

Springtime and War, Carlisle Journal, 6 April 1915, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 186-187.

Starlight, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 198.

Switzerland the Good Samaritan, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 188.

Take Me Home, T.P.’s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War, 3 (15 May 1915), p. 132; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 204-206.

Tares and Wheat, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 153.

The Bible of Peace, Dunnabeck, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 215.

The Blessing of War, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 156.

The Blockade, February 18^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 180.

The Boy Sentry at Ypres, Carlisle Journal, 13 August 1915, p. 8.

The Call of May, Carlisle Journal, 1 June 1915, p. 6.

The Curse of War, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 163.

The Day of Intercession, January 3^rd, Westminster Gazette, 2 January 1915, p. 2; Carlisle Journal, 5 January 1915, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 160.

The Ever-Living Ones, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 207.

The Grandeur of War, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 157.

The King’s Appeal, March 31^st, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 195.

The “Lion’s” Chase, January 24^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 165-167.

The “Lusitania”, May 7^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 218.

The Nation’s Teachers, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 164.

The Premier’s Speech to Labour Delegates, Jan. 15, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

The Rajput’s Desire, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

The Return of Spring, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 169-170.

The Soldier’s Prayer, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 155.

The Two Springs, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 175-176.

To America, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 171.

To Bulgaria: The Earthquake’s Warning, Carlisle Journal, 8 October 1915, p. 8.

To Flight Sub-Lieutenant R. A J. Warneford V.C. June 7^th 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

To Paul Sabatier, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 161.

To Prussia, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 200-201.

To the Men on Strike, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 182.

To the Strikers, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 181.

 

World War 1 (1916)

A Plea for Song in War-Time, Carlisle Journal, 25 August 1916, p. 6.

A Soldier’s Death in May, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

A Tribute to Keswick Heroes, Carlisle Journal, 8 September 1916, p. 7; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1916.

At a Sailor’s Grave, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

Before Verdun, March 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

Christmas Day, 1916, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 23 December 1916, p. 4.

Death the Revealer, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 24 April 1916, p. 4.

Gallipoli Farewell!, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

In Honour of Private James Miller, V.C., Lancashire Evening Post, 14 September 1916, p. 4.

In Memoriam: Acting-Lieutenant Courtenay Tennyson, Carlisle Journal, 4 February 1916, p. 8.

In Memoriam: Stanley Theodore Carr, Carlisle Journal, 13 October 1916, p. 7.

In Memory of John Travers Cornwell. First Class Boy of H.M.S. ‘Chester’, The Battle of Jutland, May 31, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

In Memory of Lieutenant R. G. Garvin, Pall Mall Gazette, 12 August 1916, p. 2; Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 12 August 1916, p. 6.

Lord Kitchener. In Memoriam, June 5, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

Lord Kitchener, 5^th June, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

Oor Lad Wha Nobbut Cooms I’ Dreams, Carlisle Journal, 29 December 1916, p. 7; Penrith Observer, 3 January 1917, p. 6.

Our Lady of Pity, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

The Coming of Spring, Carlisle Journal, 7 March 1916, p. 6; Penrith Observer, 7 March 1916, p. 6.

The Garden Warbler, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

The Hero-Corporal of Ontario, Thiepval, Sept, 30, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

The New Year, Carlisle Journal, 7 January 1916, p. 8.

The Patriot Thrush, May 31^st, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

The Soldier’s Last Will and Testament: Verdun, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 21 April 1916, p. 4.

To a Mother Twice Bereaved on Hearing of the Death of Her Son Lieutenant Harvey Hodgson, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

To the Memory of Our Gallant Seamen Who Perished in the Battle of Horn Reef, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

To the Mother of Four Sons Gone to War, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

To Venizelos, Carlisle Journal, 13 October 1916, p. 8.

“Ubi Aves, Ubi Angeli”, Carlisle Journal, 4 February 1916, p. 8.

‘When this wild storm of war is overblown’, Burnley News, 22 March 1916, p. 6.

William Shakespeare, April 23, 1916, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1916 – view full text).

 

World War 1 (1917)

Alma Mater Medicatrix, at Oxford 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

At Mizpeh, Nov. 20, 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

At the Church of St. George, Shellal Mound, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

Capt. F. C. Selous D.S.O., (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

Captain Noel Godfrey Chavasse, V.C., R.A.M.C., Died of Wounds in France, August, 1917, Liverpool Echo, 15 August 1917, p. 3.

Comin’ Yham Fra T’ Front, Carlisle Journal, 28 December 1917, p. 7.

In Honour of Dr. Elsie Inglis, Westminster Gazette, 3 December 1917, p. 2.

In Honour of H.M.S. Swift and Broke, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

In Honour of Jemadar Lieutenant Singh V.C., (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

In Memoriam. Robert Ernest Vernede, Rifle Brigade, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

In Memory of President Wilson’s Speech in Congress, Feb. 3^rd, 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 -view full text).

Lieutenant Colin MacLehose, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

Munition Girls, Carlisle Journal, 25 December 1917, p. 2.

Near Lens, June 17, 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

The Battle of Messines Ridge, June 7^th, 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

The Carrier Pigeon, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

The Cuckoo, April 19^th 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

The Fall of Jerusalem, Dec. 9^th, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

The Kaiser’s Letter to His Chancellor, Oct. 31, 1916, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 19 January 1917, p. 4.

The Speech of General Smuts, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

The War-Worn Horses’ Appeal, Bournemouth Graphic, 13 April 1917, p. 5.

To the Memory of Lance-Corporal Dalzell for Many Years Winner of the Grasmere Guides’ Race, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

To Viscount Bryce, May 14, 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

 

World War 1 (1918)

At Baslieux, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

‘Dar bon! but it were gude to hear’, Carlisle Journal, 31 December 1918, p. 8; Wigton Advertiser, 4 January 1919, p. 3.

Friday, March 22^nd, 1918, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

General Foch, July 19, 1918, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

Hymns of Thanksgiving for the Ending of the War, (Carlisle Archives, PR/120/125).

In Memory of Rev. T. B. Hardy V.C., DSO., MC., Chaplain to the King, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text)

In the Choir of Gloucester Cathedral,: 9 June, Gloucester Journal, 15 June 1918, p. 3.

King Albert’s Return, Brussels, November 22^nd, 1918, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

Major McCudden, V.C., DSO, Mc, MM, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

Peace Upon Earth, Xmastide 1918, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

Pheidippides at the Front, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

The Advent of Peace, Carlisle Journal, 12 November 1918, p. 5.

The Armistice, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

The Ballad of the Violet May, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

The Deliverance of Damascus, October 1^st 1918, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full txt).

The Deliverance of Lille, Oct 17, 1918, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

The Two Springs, Carlisle Journal, 30 April 1918, p. 2.

The “Vindictive’s” Grave, Ostend, May 9-10, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1918 – view full text).

 

World War 1 (Undated Poems)

A Song of Peace, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

A Thought of Home in the Trenches, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

A Welcome to Jack on Leave, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

All for Each and Each for All, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

German Hate, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

Hymns in Time of War, (Carlisle Archives, PR/120/125).

Maytide’s Memorial, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

Memorial Hymn, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

Race Meetings and the War, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

Sorrow in May, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1,  not dated – view full txt).

The Blind Soldier’s Return, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

The Munition Workers, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

The Voice of the Striker, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

The Voyage of Life, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

To the Good Ship “Jason” (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

‘We have sworn war shall not cease’, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

 

World War 1 (Aftermath)

A Voice in the Silence: Armistice Day, 1919, Carlisle Journal, 18 November 1919, p. 4.

An Appeal, Carlisle Journal, 3 October 1919, p. 7.

At General Botha’s Grave, August 30 1919, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1919 – view full text).

Christmas Day, 1919, Carlisle Journal, 26 December 1919, p. 7.

In Vienna, Carlisle Journal, 30 December 1919, p. 4.

New Year’s Day, 1919, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1919 – view full text).

‘Oor Jack he cam’ fra ower t’ sea’, Carlisle Journal. 6 January 1920, p. 6.

Peace, June 24^th 1919, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1919 – view full text).

The Home-Coming of Nurse Cavell, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1919 – view full text).

The Memorial Shrine, Westminster, Sphere, 26 April 1919, p. 24.

 

Wray

A Harvest Festival at Wray, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

A Tree Planted by William Wordsworth at Wray Castle, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 51.

At Wray Cottage, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 29.

In the Wray Garden, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 111.

The Children Gone, Balla-Wray, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 69.

The Streamlet at the Wray, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 112-113.

Wray Castle, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 6.

Yellow Poppies at Wray Castle, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 84.

 

Wynd Cliff

Moss Cottage at the Wynd-Cliff, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 132.

On Descending the Wynd-Cliff by the Steps to the Moss Cottage, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 133.

The Wynd-Cliff, on an April Day, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 131.

 

Wyness-Stuart, Athole (Lieutenant)

The Unforgotten Dead: To the Memory of Capt. Hamilton, Lieut. Wyness-Stuart, Hitchin, Sept. 6; and Lieut. Bettington, Wolvercote, Sept. 10, Army and Navy Gazette, 5 October 1912, p. 2.

 

Yewdale Crags

At Yewdale Farm, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 100.

Yewdale Crags, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 99.

 

Yews

Alas for the Yews of Borrowdale, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

‘Blind was the storm, from wild Atlantic brought’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 21 June 1884, p. 5.

 

York

At Saint William’s College, York, May 18, 1911, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 19 May 1911, p. 6.

 

Yorkshire

Sonnets Round the Coast (1887), contains over seventy sonnets on the Yorkshire Coast, focusing particularly on Saltburn, Runswick Bay, Whitby and Scarborough. A complete list of the title of each sonnet can be viewed in the section on ‘Books by HDR’ in the Heading on this web site titled ‘Bibliography – HDR Publications’. Each individual sonnet will also have one or more entries in this Subject Index.

 

Zoos

Hannibal, the Lion in the Clifton Zoological Gardens, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 84.

The Eagle, at the Zoological Gardens, Clifton, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 83.

 

Zermatt (Switzerland)

Going to Zermatt, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 145.

The Chapel of Our Lady of the Snows at the Schwarz-See, Zermatt, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 147.

 

Zola, Émile

Zola Dead, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 37.

 

Zwingli, Ulrich

The Statue of Zwinglius, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 31.

 

Hits: 990

The Subject Index covers all the poems published by HDR in his poetry books as well as the many individual poems found in newspapers, journals and the Crosthwaite Parish Magazine. It also includes numerous unpublished poems from the Rawnsley Archives.

 

O’Leary, Michael John

Michael O’Leary and How He Won the Victoria Cross, February 1^st, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 177-179.

 

Oakley, John (Dean)

Dean Oakley, June 10^th, 1890, Penrith Observer, 17 June 1890, p. 7; Carlisle Diocesan Magazine, 1 (September 1890), p. 37; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 82.

 

Oaks

The Haunted Oak of Nannau, Pall Mall Magazine, 3 (July 1894), pp. 353-361.

 

Oates, Lawrence

In Memory of Captain Oates, British Review, April 1913, pp. 82.

 

Oceans see Seas and Oceans

 

October

The Seasons, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 33-35.

 

Odell, Thomas

Dead Man’s Pool, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 217-227.

 

Ogilvy, David Stanley, 11^th Earl of Airlie

The Gallant Earl of Airlie, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 186-187.

 

Old Times

Old Times, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 122-129.

 

Oliver’s Mount (Yorkshire)

Oliver’s Mount, Scarborough, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 202.

 

Orphanage

“Little Johnny,” at the Cripples’ Home, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 45.

Müller’s Orphanage, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 52.

Plucking Daisies; or, the Orphanage at the Foot of Ashley Hill, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 53.

The Cripples’ Home, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 44.

 

Ostle, John Sharpe

To My Colleague John Sharpe Ostle, On Leaving the Parish and Church of St. Kentigern, Crosthwaite, after Five Years, Faithful Friendship and Service, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 3 November 1888, p. 5; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1888.

 

Owen, Sir Richard

Sir Richard Owen, December 18^th, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 119.

 

Oxen

A Buffalo Ride, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 82.

 

Oxford

Alma Mater Medicatrix, at Oxford 1917, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

Magdalen Meadows, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

The Rooks in Magdalen Walk, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Oxland, Nowell (Second Lieutenant)

Homeward Bound. In Memory of Nowell Oxland, the Writer of the Poem “Outward Bound”, Who Fell at Suvla Bay, Aug 9, 1915, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1915 – view full text).

 

Palm Trees

The Marriage of the Palms, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 75-76.

 

Paton, William

A River Tragedy, Barmouth, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 64-65.

 

Patriotism

Patriotism. In Mulgrave Woods, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 157.

 

Payne, Geoffrey

In Grateful Memory of Geoffrey Payne (Aged 23 Years) Who Fell on Sleep at Keswick, 5^th October, 1908, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, November 1908.

 

Peace

A New Year’s Greetings, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, January 1896.

A New Year’s Sonnet: The Tide of Love, 1904, Westminster Gazette, 1 January 1904, p. 11; Lowestoft Journal, 9 January, p. 8; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 50.

A Prayer for Peace, Westminster Gazette, 4 August 1914, p. 2; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 17; Songs and Sonnets for England in War-Time: Being a Collection of Lyrics by Various Authors Inspired by the Great War, 1914.

A Song of Peace, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, not dated – view full text).

A Voice in the Silence: Armistice Day, 1919, Carlisle Journal, 18 November 1919, p. 4.

At Harlaw: July 24, 1914, Aberdeen Press and Journal, 25 July 1914, p. 6.

Christmas, 1905, London Daily News, 25 December 1905, p. 6; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 84.

‘Dar bon! but it were gude to hear’, Carlisle Journal, 31 December 1918, p. 8; Wigton Advertiser, 4 January 1919, p. 3.

Freedom’s Spring-Tide, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, December 1912.

L’Entente Cordiale, April, 1904, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 58.

L’Entente Cordiale, July 8, 1903, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 45.

L’Entente Cordiale, On Board the “Victory,” Portsmouth, 9^th August, 1905, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 76.

New Year, 1902, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 24.

Peace, June 24^th 1919, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1919 – view full text).

Peace on Earth, Carlisle Journal, 24 December 1915, p. 8.

The Advent of Peace, Carlisle Journal, 12 November 1918, p. 5.

The Angel-Whisper, Peace, London Daily News, 26 May 1902, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, June 1902; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 27.

The Anglo-Japanese Treaty, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1905.

The Chiffchaff’s Message, Nature Notes, 8 (June 1897), p. 116.

The Dreamers of Peace, London Daily News, 23 August 1905, p. 7.

The New Year’s Hope, 1899, Penrith Observer, 10 January 1899, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, January 1899.

The Peace Conference, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1899.

The Tsar’s Manifesto: Aug. 30^th, 1898, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1898; Westminster Gazette, 19 December 1898, p. 2.

The Way of Peace, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 18.

To England and America: A Christmas Greeting, Christian World Pulpit, 49 (1 January 1896), p. 11; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, January 1896.

To the Mikado: Portsmouth, USA, 29^th August, 1905, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1905; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 77.

 

Peart, Walter

The Railway Heroes, London Daily News, 27 July 1898, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1898.

 

Peel, Sir William

In a Battery, Captain Peel, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 4-9.

 

Peel, William

In Memoriam: William Peel, Killed at Bassenthwaite Station, by the Excursion Train, July 11^th, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 14 June 1890, p. 5; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, July 1890.

 

Penny Hedge

The Penny Hedge, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 187.

 

Penrith

Penrith Grammar School Song, Penrith Observer, 30 March 1915, p. 7.

 

Periton, Daniel

Daniel Periton. A Ballad of the Conemaugh Flood, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 136-140.

 

Philae

At Philae, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 145-147.

 

Phillips, James Robert

In Memory of Acting Consul-General Phillips, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1897.

‘We keep Christ’s Day in Cumberland’, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, January 1898.

 

Phipps-Hornby, Edmund John

To Major E. J. Phipps-Hornby, V.C., of Battery “Q”, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 168-169.

 

Pickering (Yorkshire)

Pickering Moor, From Near Saltersgate, in Heather-Time, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 190.

 

Pier

On the Harbour Pier, Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 177.

The Pier at Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 132.

 

Pigeons

Pigeon Shooting at Ambleside, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 52.

The Carrier Pigeon, (Rawnsley Archives, Poems on WW1, dated 1917 – view full text).

The Pigeons’ Sanctuary, Nature Notes, 8 (March 1897), p. 52.

Tumbler Pigeons, Over Bristol, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 85.

 

Pigs

A Farm-Yard Soliloquy, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 197-201.

 

Pilatus (Switzerland)

Dayspring on Pilatus, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 17.

 

Pine

In a Pinewood, at the Gutsch, Lucerne, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 3.

 

Planets

Jupiter and Venus, March, 1905, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 69; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 107.

 

Pliny

At Como Cathedral, Pliny’s Statue, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 77.

 

Plymouth

Old Eddystone Lighthouse, Plymouth Hoe, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 17.

Plymouth Harbour – Sunday, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 16.

 

Poddish

A Traveller’s Tale, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 2 January 1892, p. 5.

Old Mary’s Secret, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 29 December 1906, p. 4; West Cumberland Times, 29 December 1906, p. 2.

The Secret of Old Age, Cumberland and Westmorland Herald, 28 December 1901, p. 5; West Cumberland Times, 28 December 1901, p. 5.

 

Poetry

Introductory, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, p. 1.

 

Politics

A Keswick Voter, Christmas 1909, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 1 January 1910, p. 5.

A Sonnet of the Welsh Church Bill: To Our Legislators, An Appeal, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 13 January 1913, p. 6.

‘Dar bun! Parrish Cooncils can deu out they like’, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 29 December 1894, p. 4.

 

Pollution

Bristol Smoke in Early Morning, October, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 48.

 

Popham (Lieutenant)

How They Saved the Wagon Bridge at Bethulie, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 161-164.

 

Poplars

Poplars at the Friends’ Meeting House, Colthouse, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 101.

 

Poppies

Yellow Poppies at Wray Castle, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 84.

 

Portbury

Carter’s Lane, Portbury, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 117.

 

Portland

Portland, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 14.

 

Pottery

At Keneh, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 102-103.

 

Poverty

A Christmas Message, 1902, Carlisle Journal, 26 December 1902, p. 6; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 39.

A Monkish Swimmer, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 88-89.

A Traveller’s Tale, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 2 January 1892, p. 5.

Death the Befriender, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 116-121.

Old Times, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 122-129.

The Queen’s Appeal, 13^th November, 1905, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, December 1905; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 83.

The Village Carpenter, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 92-98.

To All Who Helped, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1901.

 

Prayer

Bilâl the Muedzzin, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 23-29.

El Fât’ha, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 7. [Islam’s equivalent of the Lord’s Prayer]

The First Call to Prayer (In the Citadel Courtyard, Cairo, at Sunset), Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 2-4.

 

Pugsley, Mother

Mother Pugsley’s Field, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 12-13.

Pyramids see Monuments (Egypt)

 

Quakers

Poplars at the Friends’ Meeting House, Colthouse, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 101.

 

Quails

Quails and the Vocal Memnon, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, p. 132.

 

Rabbeth, Doctor

A Brave Doctor, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 87-89.

 

Rabbits

Noble Sport, Nature Notes, 7 (December 1896), p. 256.

The Bitter Cry of Brer Rabbit, Cornhill Magazine, 18 (May 1892), pp. 541-543.

 

Raika (Bulgarian Revolutionary)

Raika, “Queen of the Bulgarians”, Western Daily Press, 5 September 1876, p. 3.

 

Railway Accidents and Heroes

A Gallant Engine Driver, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 196-198.

A Lincolnshire Hero, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 135-137.

A Woman Saviour, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 193-196.

Brave Plate-Laying, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 143-144.

In Memoriam: John Chiddy, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 47; Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp.       212-213.

In Memoriam: William Peel, Killed at Bassenthwaite Station, by the Excursion Train, July 11^th, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 14 June 1890, p. 5; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, July 1890.

The Engine-Driver, On the Pennsylvanian Railway, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890-pp. 238-243.

The Heroic Engine-Driver, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

The Railway Heroes, London Daily News, 27 July 1898, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, August 1898.

‘They who, with sight of Death, see Duty clear’, Westminster Gazette, 24 January 1899, p. 2; Peterborough Advertiser, 1 February 1899, p. 3.

 

Railways

On a Moorland Railway, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 189.

Over the St. Gothard, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 46.

 

Rain

A Storm on Monte Generoso, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 70.

After a Storm at Kanzeli, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 117.

An Incident of the Floods in Picton Street, Western Daily Press, 11 December 1894, p. 5; Mid Sussex Times, 18 December 1894, p. 2; Bognor Regis Observer, 19 December 1894, p. 7.

April with Rain—A Sequel, Spectator, 60 (30 April 1887), p. 590; Carlisle Journal, 20 May 1887, p. 6. Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 42.

Daniel Periton. A Ballad of the Conemaugh Flood, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 136-140.

Locarno in Rain, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 48.

Rain After Drought, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 70.

The Drought, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Rainbows

The Rainbow Fields of Wengen, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 100.

 

Rainy, Robert

In Memoriam: Principal Rainy, Hamilton Herald and Lanarkshire Weekly News, 29 December 1906, p. 8.

 

Raleigh, Sir Walter

Falmouth, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 23.

 

Ram Buksh

Ram Buksh, the Leper, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, pp. 168-172.

 

Rameses II

Lifting the Colossal Statue of Rameses II, Idylls and Lyrics of the Nile, 1894, pp. 54-55.

 

Ranavalona III

To Ranavalona: Queen of Madagascar, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Rathbone, Edward

In Memoriam: September 9, 1886, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, October 1886; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 127. [Edward Rathbone]

 

Rawlings, Victor

A Hero of the Mohegan, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Rawnsley, Arthur (A Younger Brother of HDR)

“Arthur”, Died April 26^th 1880, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Rawnsley, Catherine (Hardwicke’s Mother)

A Grandmother’s Dream, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

Dedicatory: To My Mother, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 1.

 

Rawnsley, Edith (Hardwicke’s first Wife)

Going Home, Carlisle Journal, 5 January 1917, p. 8; Penrith Observer, 9 January 1917, p. 7.

 

Rawnsley, Eleanor Foster (Hardwicke’s second wife, née Simpson)

Between April 1917 and June 1918, Hardwicke wrote a series of love poems to Eleanor Foster Simpson which have never been published.  These poems chart their developing courtship from close friends to marriage.  Thay also lay bare the love of both of them for Edith, Hardwicke’s first wife.  The poems are contained in the Rawnsley Archive Notebook RR/3/2.  A list of the titles of these poems, in the chronological order they were probably written, can be viewed by clicking the link Poems to Eleanor Foster Simpson (1917-18) on the web site www.hdrawnsley.com

An Anniversary, June 1 1919, (Cumbria Archives, WDCAT3, Box 3).

 

Rawnsley, Emily Margaret (An Older Sister of HDR)

In Memoriam: E.M.R. and D.A., 14 Jan., 1872, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Rawnsley, Noel (Hardwicke’s Son)

A Grandmother’s Dream, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

Noel’s First Birthday, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

To N. H. & V. H. R., (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Rawnsley, Robert (Hardwicke’s Father)

Christmas With Him, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

Christmas Without Him, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

Dedicatory: To the Dear Memory of My Father, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 2.

To My Father / At Glenthorne, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

Valedictory, Poems, Ballads, and Bucolics, 1890, p. 246.

 

Rawnsley, Sophia Elizabeth see Elmhirst, Sophia Elizabeth

 

Rawnsley, Willingham Franklin (Hardwicke’s Older Brother)

A Wedding Sonnet, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

The Stars on the Wedding Night, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Rawson, George

A Hero of Walhalla, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 83-90.

 

Rawson, Wyatt

Commander Wyatt Rawson, September 13^th, 1882, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 55.

 

Redstart

The Red-Start, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 86.

 

Renan, Ernest

Ernest Renan, Obiit, Paris, October 2^nd, 1892, Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 118.

 

Rennick, Henry Edward de Parny (Lieutenant-Commander)

In Honour of Lieutenant-Commander H. de P. Rennick, T.P.’s Journal of Great Deeds of the Great War, 2 (January 1915), p. 59; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 87-88.

 

Renshaw, Elizabeth

In Memory of Lizzie Renshaw, Who Entered Rest 14^th March, 1908, Aged 87, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, April 1908.

 

Rhodes, Cecil

Rhodes Dead, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, April 1902; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 25.

 

Rhodes-Moorhouse, William Barnard (2^nd Lieutenant)

Rhodes-Moorhouse, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, pp. 212-214.

 

Rhododendrons

Sybil’s Grotto: Or Rhododendrons at Croft, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 96.

The Alpine Rose, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 106.

The Leven, and Rhododendrons at Lake Side, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 106.

 

Richardson, John

In Memoriam: John Richardson, the Cumberland Poet and Village Schoolmaster. Obiit St. John’s Vale, April 30, 1886, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 8 May 1886, p. 5; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, June 1886; Valete: Tennyson and Other Memorial Poems, 1893, p. 128.

 

Riches, A.

The Harvest of Courage. A Ballad of the Boston Deeps—August, 1895, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 53-56.

 

Rigi see Mountains

 

Rimington, Michael Frederic

To Rimington, King of the Scouts, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 154-158.

 

Ring, Charles Gore

In Memoriam: Charles Gore Ring, Medical Officer of Health for Keswick, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, May 1897.

 

Ripon (Yorkshire)

The Banquet, Yorkshire Gazette, 28 August 1886, p. 6.

The Cathedral Service, Yorkshire Gazette, 28 August 1886, p. 6; Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1886.

 

Rivers see also Lakes

By the Esk at Whitby, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 166.

‘Now let the ocean wanderers, going free’, Lakes Herald, 5 January 1894, p. 4.

The Abermaw, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 65.

The Leven, and Rhododendrons at Lake Side, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 106.

The River Message, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 95.

The Streamlet at the Wray, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 112-113.

To the River Greta, On Returning from Abroad, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 71.

To the River Reuss, Lucerne, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 8.

 

Rivo Torto (Italy)

On the Way to Rivo Torto, Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, pp. 7-9.

 

Robert the Bruce

Skelton, the Birthplace of Robert Bruce’s Ancestors. A Dream of Robert the Bruce, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 138.

 

Roberts, Frederick Sleigh

Field-Marshall Lord Roberts, V.C. In Memoriam, November 14^th, Manchester Evening News, 17 November 1914, p. 7; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 122.

Lord Roberts, Home-going, Ascot, November 17^th, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 123.

St. Paul’s, November 19^th, Westminster Gazette, 19 November 1914, p. 2; Carlisle Journal, 24 November 1914, p. 6; European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 124.

To Earl Roberts: A Welcome Home, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, pp. 3-4.

To Lord Roberts, On His Departure from England as Commander-In-Chief in South Africa, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 77.

To Lord Roberts, On His 82^nd Birthday, European War 1914-1915 Poems, 1915, p. 94.

 

Roberts, Frederick Hugh Sherston

The Queen to Lady Roberts, With the Victoria Cross, Ballads of the War, 2^nd edition, 1902, p. 78.

 

Roberts, John

The Wreck of the “Ocean Queen”. To the Heroes of Colwyn Bay—Nov. 7, 1890, MacMillan’s Magazine, 63 (January 1891), pp. 189-91; Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 103-109.

 

Robin

To a Robin, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

To a Robin II (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Robin Hood’s Bay

Bay Town, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 199.

Robin Hood’s Town, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 197.

To Robin Hood’s Bay, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 198.

 

Rogers, Mary

Stewardess of the Stella, Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer, 6 May 1899, p. 7; English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 13 May 1899, p. 5.

 

Rooke, M. S.

In Memoriam: M. S. Rooke. Obiit March 26, 1886, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, April 1886.

 

Rooks

The Rooks in Magdalen Walk, (Rawnsley Archives RR/1/7 – view full text).

 

Roseberry Topping (Yorkshire)

Roseberry Topping, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 142.

 

Rosemarie see Dacre, Rosemary

 

Rosenlaui Glacier (Switzerland)

Between Rosenlaui and the Schwarzwald, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 85.

From Meiringen to Rosenlaui, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 84.

 

Roses

The Alpine Rose, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 106.

The Black Helebore (Christmas Rose), at Down House, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 114.

To a Red Rose, Growing at Ashley Grange, A Book of Bristol Sonnets, 1877, p. 115.

 

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, April 9^th, 1882, Valete: Tennyson and Other memorial Poems, 1893, p. 95.

 

Rugby

In Rugby Chapel, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Runswick

A Retrospect. Off to the Fishing-Ground, Runswick, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 154.

At Runswick, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 152.

The Fisher Houses at Runswick Bay, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 153.

The Warrior’s Cradle-Song, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 147.

 

Rushbearing

At the Grasmere Rushbearing. In Praise of St. Oswald, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

 

Ruskin, John

At Ruskin’s Funeral, Saint George: The Journal of the Ruskin Society of Birmingham, III ((April 1900), pp. 76-79. [Three stanzas of this poem were published under the title, ‘At Ruskin’s Grave’, in the Wells Journal, 1 February 1900, p. 2.]

At Ruskin’s Grave, On His Birthday, 8^th February, 1900, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 10 February 1900, p. 4; Saint George: The Journal of the Ruskin Society of Birmingham, III (April 1900). P. 75; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 82.

Cottages of St. George, Barmouth, Sonnets Round the Coast, 1887, p. 70.

Hymn in Loving Memory of John Ruskin, Coniston, January 25^th, 1900, English Lakes Visitor and Keswick Guardian, 27 January 1900, p. 5.

Ruskin at Rest, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1900; Saint George: The Journal of the Ruskin Society of Birmingham, III (April 1900), p. 74; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 3; Poems at Home and Abroad, 1909, p. 81.

Sonnet Dedicatory to John Ruskin, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. vi.

To John Ruskin: On His 78^th Birthday, February 8 1897, (Rawnsley Archives RR/3/1 – view full text).

To John Ruskin On His 79^th Birthday, Nottinghamshire Guardian, 12 February 1898, p. 4; Dial, 24 (1 March 1898), p. 156.

To John Ruskin: On His 80^th Birthday, 8^th February, 1899, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, March 1899; Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. x.

‘Today the land remembers him who fought’, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 25 April 1904, p. 7; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 54.

 

Russia

At the Baptism of the Czarevitch, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 61.

Liao-Yang, Sept. 1^st, 1904, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, September 1904; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 62.

Red Sunday in St. Petersburg, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, February 1905; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 67.

The Battle of Tsu-shima, May 27-28, 1905, Millom Gazette, 12 April 1906, p. 5.

To Admiral Togo, Tsushima, May, 27-28, 1905, Crosthwaite Parish Magazine, July 1905; A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 73.

Voices from the Dust, A Sonnet Chronicle, 1906, p. 66.

 

Rutli (Switzerland)

Herrn Rütli, Sonnets in Switzerland and Italy, 1899, p. 43.

 

Rutter, Arthur

The Greater Love: The Heroes of East Ham—July 1, 1895, Ballads of Brave Deeds, 1896, pp. 35-36.

 

Rydal

Cave at White Moss, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 103.

Song and Life, Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 19.

Songs in Silence, Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 98.

The Twin Spruces at Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 67.

Up Nab Scar, from Rydal Mount, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 75.

Upper Falls, Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 53.

War Notes in Rydal Vale, sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 74.

Wordsworth’s Seat, Rydal, Sonnets at the English Lakes, 1881, p. 9.

 

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